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Physicochemical, structural and induced ferromagnetic properties of Co–In-codoped CdO synthesised via Cd chloride: significant effect of post-treatment hydrogen

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Abstract

Nanoparticle solid solution powders of cadmium oxide doped with different concentrations of cobalt and indium ions were synthesised by solvothermal method through CdCl 2 ⋅ H 2 O precursor route. The objective of the present work is to study and develop conditions necessary to create stable room-temperature ferromagnets (RT-FMs) in transparent conducting oxide (TCO) CdO for applications in the field of dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). To achieve this aim, cobalt (Co2+) dopant ions were used as a source of stable FM, while In3+ dopant ions supply free electrons that enhance the electronic medium of interaction. The electronic medium in the host CdO lattice, which carries the long-range spin–spin (S.S) exchange interaction between localised Co2+ (3d) spins of dopant ions, was further developed by annealing in hydrogen gas (hydrogenation). The crystalline structure of the powder samples was investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The optical absorption properties were studied by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). Magnetic measurements reveal that the Co–In-codoped CdO powder has FM properties superimposed on paramagnetic (PM) behaviour. However, annealing in hydrogen atmosphere strongly boosts the created FM so that the saturation magnetisation increases ∼90 times. Physical explanations and discussion are given in the article. Thus, it is proved that the magnetic properties could be tailored to TCO CdO by Co-doping and post-treatment under H 2 atmosphere.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box, 32038, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain

    A A DAKHEL & W E ALNASER

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  1. A A DAKHEL
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  2. W E ALNASER
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Correspondence to A A DAKHEL.

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DAKHEL, A.A., ALNASER, W.E. Physicochemical, structural and induced ferromagnetic properties of Co–In-codoped CdO synthesised via Cd chloride: significant effect of post-treatment hydrogen. Bull Mater Sci 39, 1843–1850 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1327-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1327-3

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