Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular transport behaviour of organic solvents through halloysite nanotubes filled ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer

  • Published:
Bulletin of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The transport behaviour of three organic solvents (benzene, toluene and xylene) through halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) filled ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer composites have been investigated in the temperature range 303–323 K. The effects of HNTs loading, nature of solvent and temperature on the transport behaviour of solvents through composites were studied. It has been observed that all the systems follow a Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The solvent uptake and sorption coefficient decreases with the increase in halloysite loading while diffusion coefficients and permeation coefficients were found to be dependent on the concentration of filler. The percentage of bounds rubber content and swelling ratio decreases up to 7.5 phr filler content, whereas above 7.5 phr filler loading were found to be increased due to poor dispersion of halloysite in EVA copolymer matrix. The transport behaviour of three organic solvents was further validated by their crosslink density values. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy and free energy of sorption were evaluated. The positive values of free energy indicate the non-spontaneity of the sorption of HNTs filled EVA in aromatic solvents at 303 K.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Landois-Garza J and Hotchkiss J H 1988 Food and packaging interactions (American Chemical Society Symposium Series: Washington)

  2. Seymour R B 1990 Engineering polymer source book (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing)

  3. Huang R Y M 1991 Pervaporation membrane separation processes (New York: Elsevier)

  4. Kulkarni P V, Rajur S B, Antich P, Aminabhavi T M and Aralaguppi M I 1990 J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phy. 30 441

  5. Peppas N A 1987 Hydrogels in medicine and pharmacy (Boca Raton: CRC Press)

  6. Stephen R, Joseph K, Oommen Z and Thomas S 2007 Compos. Sci. Technol. 67 1187

  7. George S, Varghuse K T and Thomas S 2000 Polymer 41 579

  8. Liu M, Guo B, Du M and Jia D 2007 Appl. Phys. A 88 391

  9. Joussein E, Petit S, Churchman G J, Theng B K G, Righi D and Delvaux B 2005 Clay Miner. 40 383

  10. Levis S R and Deasy P B 2002 Int. J. Pharm. 243 125

  11. Leblanc J L and Hardy P 1991 Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 44 1119

  12. Choi S S 2002 Polym. Adv. Technol. 13 466

  13. Wolff S and Wang M J 1993 Carbon black reinforcement of elastomers. in ‘Carbon Black: Science and Technology’ (eds. J B Donnet, R C Bansal, M J Wang) Marcel Dekker New York, USA 289

  14. Kraus G 1965 Reinforcement of elastomers (New York: Wiley Interscience)

  15. Stickney P B and Falb R D 1964 Rubber Chem. Technol. 37 1299

  16. Sircar A K and Voet A 1970 Rubber Chem. Technol. 43 973

  17. Wolff S, Wang M J and Tan E H 1993 Rubber Chem. Technol. 66 163

  18. Desai A B and Wilkes G L 1974 J. Polym. Sci. 46 291

  19. Obasi H C, Ogbobe O and Igwe I O 2009 Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2009 6 (Article ID 140682)

  20. Munusamy Y, Ismail H and Mariatti M 2008 J. Rein. Plas. Com. 27 1925

  21. Flory P J 1953 Principles of polymer chemistry (Ithaca: Cornell University Press)

  22. Johnson T and Thomas S 2000 Polymer 41 7511

  23. Igwe I O, Ewulonu C M and Igboanugo I 2006 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 102 1985

  24. Crank J 1975 The mathematics of diffusion (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

  25. Anil Kumar P V, Varghuse K T and Thomas S 2012 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 6697

  26. Mathai A E, Singh R P and Thomas S 2002 J. Membr. Sci. 202 35

  27. Kumnuantip C and Sombatsompop N 2003 Mater. Lett. 57 3167

  28. Unnikrishnan G, Thomas S and Varghese S 1996 Polymer 37 2687

  29. Aminabhavi T M and Phayde H T S 1995 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55 1335

  30. Dasan K P, Unnikrishnan G and Purushothaman E 2008 Express Polym. Lett. 2 382

  31. Mathew A P, Packirisamy S, Kumaran M G and Thomas S 2002 Polymer 25 4935

  32. Hopfenberg H B and Paul D R 1976 In: Paul D R editor Polymer blends (New York: Academic Press)

  33. Unnikrishnan G and Thomas S 1998 Polymer 39 3933

  34. Igwe I O 2007 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 104 3849

Download references

Acknowledgement

We thank Lanxess India, for kindly supplying the LEVAPREN 450 used in this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Micro and Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 030, India

    SUVENDU PADHI, P GANGA RAJU ACHARY & NIMAI C NAYAK

Authors
  1. SUVENDU PADHI
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P GANGA RAJU ACHARY
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. NIMAI C NAYAK
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to NIMAI C NAYAK.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

PADHI, S., RAJU ACHARY, P.G. & NAYAK, N.C. Molecular transport behaviour of organic solvents through halloysite nanotubes filled ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer. Bull Mater Sci 38, 925–933 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-015-0934-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-015-0934-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation