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Genome-Wide Characterization of Differentially Expressed Scent Genes in the MEP Control Network of the Flower of Lilium ‘Sorbonne’

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Abstract

Fragrance is an important feature of ornamental lilies. Components of volatile substances and important genes for monoterpene synthesis in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway were examined in this study. Twenty volatile compounds (2 in the budding stage, 3 in the initial flowering stage, 7 in the semi-flowering stage, 17 in the full-flowering stage, and 5 in withering stage) were detected in the Oriental lily ‘Sorbonne’ using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The semi- and full-flowering stages were key periods for volatile substance production and enzyme function. Sequence assembly from samples collected during all flowering stages resulted in the detection of 274,849 genes and 129,017 transcripts. RNA sequencing and heatmapping led to the detection of genes in the MEP monoterpene metabolism pathway. Through gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we extracted key genes (LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS) and transcription factors (in the bHLH, MYB, HD-ZIP, and NAC families) associated with the MEP pathway. Tissue localization revealed that LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS were expressed in Lilium ‘Sorbonne’ petals in the full-flowering stage. Genes regulating the 1-deoxy-d-X-lignone-5-phosphate synthase family of rate-limiting enzymes, involved in the first step of monoterpene synthesis, showed high expression in the semi- and full-flowering stages. LiDXS2 was cloned and localized in chloroplast subcells. The relative expression of terpene-related genes in the MEP and mevalonic acid pathways of wild-type and LiLIS/LiMYS transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, and changes in chemical composition, confirmed that LiLIS/LiMYS regulates the monoterpene synthesis pathway. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of lily aromatic substances and the cultivation of new garden flower varieties.

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Data Availability

All sequence datasets supporting the transcriptome analysis reported in this article have been made available in the NCBI database (PRJNA880810).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mrs. Fangfang Wu from the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing service platform of Northeast Agricultural University for providing the qPCR equipment.

Funding

This work was supported by the ‘Young Talents’ Project of Northeast Agricultural University (18QC09), the National Key Research and Development Projects (2016YFC0500306-02), Heilongjiang Province Education Project Fund (12531014), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32001505).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Lei Cao, Fan Jiang, Dongying Liu, Jiaohua Zhang, Tao Yang, Jinzhu Zhang, Daidi Che & Jinping Fan

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  1. Lei Cao
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Correspondence to Jinping Fan.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that would appear to influence the work reported in this paper.

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This study involved no ethical issue. We followed ethical and biosafety guidelines when handling transgenic plants, cultivating them in a greenhouse and collecting the seeds carefully to avoid diffusion to the environment.

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Cao, L., Jiang, F., Liu, D. et al. Genome-Wide Characterization of Differentially Expressed Scent Genes in the MEP Control Network of the Flower of Lilium ‘Sorbonne’. Mol Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01063-3

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