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Overview of the Cellular Stress Responses Involved in Fatty Acid Overproduction in E. coli

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Abstract

Research on microbial fatty acid metabolism started in the late 1960s, and till date, various developments have aided in elucidating the fatty acid metabolism in great depth. Over the years, synthesis of microbial fatty acid has drawn industrial attention due to its diverse applications. However, fatty acid overproduction imparts various stresses on its metabolic pathways causing a bottleneck to further increase the fatty acid yields. Numerous strategies to increase fatty acid titres in Escherichia coli by pathway modulation have already been published, but the stress generated during fatty acid overproduction is relatively less studied. Stresses like pH, osmolarity and oxidative stress, not only lower fatty acid titres, but also alter the cell membrane composition, protein expression and membrane fluidity. This review discusses an overview of fatty acid synthesis pathway and presents a panoramic view of various stresses caused due to fatty acid overproduction in E. coli. It also addresses how certain stresses like high temperature and nitrogen limitation can boost fatty acid production. This review paper also highlights the interconnections that exist between these stresses.

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Funding

This research work was supported by WOS-A (Women Scientists Scheme-A) research grant (WOS-A/LS-438/2017) from DST (Department of Science and Technology), Govt. of India.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India

    Neha Sawant & Harinder Singh

  2. Biosystems Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Deepti Appukuttan

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NS: Writing, reviewing and editing the manuscript. HS: Reviewing and editing of manuscript. DA: Conceptualising, Supervising, writing, reviewing and editing of manuscript.

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Sawant, N., Singh, H. & Appukuttan, D. Overview of the Cellular Stress Responses Involved in Fatty Acid Overproduction in E. coli. Mol Biotechnol 64, 373–387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-021-00426-4

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