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Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives

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Abstract

The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.

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Acknowledgements

PSs acknowledges, the Lab Infrastructure grant by BHU, Varanasi (F(C)/XVIII-Spl.Fund/Misc/Infrastructure/Instt.Sc/2019-2020/10290) and BTISNET- Sub-Distributed Information Centre, funded by DBT, Govt. of India at the School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The infrastructural support from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, Govt. of India, through FIST grant (Grant No. 1196 SR/FST/LS-I/2017/4) and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (Grant No. BT/PR27437/BCE/8/1433/2018) is duly acknowledged. The Junior Research Fellowship by DBT, Govt. of India to GKG, is duly acknowledged. MD acknowledges the Senior Research Fellowship from CSIR, India (Award No. 09/382(0211)/2019-EMR-I).

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  1. Pratyoosh Shukla

    Present address: School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

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  1. Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India

    Guddu Kumar Gupta, Mandeep Dixit & Pratyoosh Shukla

  2. Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India

    Rajeev Kumar Kapoor

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Gupta, G.K., Dixit, M., Kapoor, R.K. et al. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 64, 130–143 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-021-00396-7

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