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Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor

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Abstract

Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancers. About 97,610 new cases of melanoma are projected to occur in the United States (US) in 2023. Artichoke is a very popular plant widely consumed in the US due to its nutrition. In recent years, it has been shown that artichoke shows powerful anti-cancer effects on cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and leukemia. However, there is little known about its effect on melanoma. This study was designed to investigate if artichoke extract (AE) has any direct effect on the growth of melanoma. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects AE has on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of the widely studied melanoma cell line HTB-72. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of colonies of HTB-72 melanoma cells decreased significantly after treated with AE. This was paralleled with the decrease in the optic density (OD) value of cancer cells after treatment with AE. This was further supported by the decreased expression of PCNA mRNA after treated with AE. Furthermore, the cellular caspase-3 activity increased after treated with AE. The anti-proliferative effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with increased p21, p27, and decreased CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with decreased survivin. Artichoke inhibits growth of melanoma by inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Such a study might be helpful to develop a new promising treatment for melanoma.

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Funding

This work was supported by Grants from Des Moines University for Yujiang Fang (IOER 112-3749).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Annette M. Mathew and Zuliang Deng have contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA

    Annette M. Mathew, Huaping Xiao & Yujiang Fang

  2. The Center of Early Screening and Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Zuliang Deng & Huaping Xiao

  3. The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Christian J. Nelson, Trenton G. Mayberry, Qian Bai, Marco Lequio, Emerson Fajardo, Huaping Xiao, Mark R. Wakefield & Yujiang Fang

  4. Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Yujiang Fang

  5. Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA

    Yujiang Fang

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  1. Annette M. Mathew
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Mathew, A.M., Deng, Z., Nelson, C.J. et al. Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor. Med Oncol 40, 262 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-02077-8

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