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Development and cross-validation of prognostic models to assess the treatment effect of cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients

Medical Oncology volume 31, Article number: 59 (2014) Cite this article

Abstract

Better understanding of the treatment effect of cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma patients is needed to facilitate chemotherapy planning and patient care. In this retrospective study, we will develop prognostic models by the cross-validation method using clinical and serum factors to predict outcomes of cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung adenocarcinoma patients admitted between 2008 and 2013 were enrolled. 29 serum parameters of laboratory tests and 14 clinical factors were analyzed to develop the prognostic models. First, the stepwise selection and five-fold cross-validation were performed to identify candidate prognostic factors. Then a classification of all patients based on the number of metastatic sites resulted in four distinct subsets. In each subset, a prognostic model was fitted with the most accurate prognostic factors from the candidate prognostic factors. Categorical survival prediction was estimated using a log-rank test and visualized with Kaplan–Meier method. 227 lung adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled. Twenty candidate prognostic factors evaluated using the five-fold cross-validation method were total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatine kinase, age, smoking index, neuron-specific enolase, bone metastasis, total triglyceride, albumin, gender, uric acid, CYFRA21-1, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, lactate dehydrogenase, CA153, peritoneal metastasis, CA125, and CA199. From these 20 candidate prognostic factors, the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model with the highest prognostic accuracy in each subset was identified by the stepwise forward selection method, which generated significant prognostic stratifications in Kaplan–Meier survival analyses (all log-rank p < 0.01). Generally, the prognostic models using five-fold cross-validation achieve a good prediction performance. The prognostic models can be administered safely to lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with first-line cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy, and a comprehensive assessment of clinical and serum factors helps predict the outcomes of cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy.

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Abbreviations

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

BMI:

Body mass index

HR:

Hazard ratio

KM:

Kaplan–Meier

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

GGT:

Glutamyl aminotransferase

TP:

Total protein

ALB:

Albumin

TBA:

Total bile acid

TB:

Total bilirubin

DB:

Direct bilirubin

UR:

Urea

CR:

Creatinine

UA:

Uric acid

CK:

Creatine kinase

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

GLU:

Glucose

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Total triglyceride

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

AFP:

a-Fetoprotein

CA125:

Carbohydrate antigen 125

CYFRA21-1:

Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen

ECOG:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

SWOG:

Southwest Oncology Group

ELCWP:

European lung Cancer Working Party

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the staff in the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Department of Radiology at the Chinese PLA General Hospital for their support. The study was funded by the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2009BAI86B05 to Xinyu Wen) and by the National High-tech Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA 02A 111 to Yaping Tian).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Wenjun Mou, Yuan Luo, Chunyan Zhang, Xinyu Wen & Yaping Tian

  2. School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Wenjun Mou & Chunyan Zhang

  3. National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China

    Zhaoqi Liu, Meng Zou & Yong Wang

  4. Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Chao Ren

Authors
  1. Wenjun Mou
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  2. Zhaoqi Liu
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  3. Yuan Luo
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  4. Meng Zou
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  5. Chao Ren
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  6. Chunyan Zhang
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  7. Xinyu Wen
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  8. Yong Wang
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  9. Yaping Tian
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaping Tian.

Additional information

Wenjun Mou and Zhaoqi Liu contributed equally to this work.

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12032_2014_59_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

The fitted coefficients of the most accurate prognostic factors in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model in all four studied subsets, including subset of patients with no metastasis(A), with one metastatic site(B), with two metastatic sites(C), with multiple sites(D). (JPEG 1628 kb)

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Mou, W., Liu, Z., Luo, Y. et al. Development and cross-validation of prognostic models to assess the treatment effect of cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Med Oncol 31, 59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-014-0059-8

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