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Protective Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

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Abstract

Data from preclinical studies propose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a neuroprotective and bioenergetics stimulant agent to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, there seems to be inconsistency between behavioral and molecular outcomes. We performed this systematic review to provide a better understanding of the effects of NAD+ in rodent AD models and to summarize the literature.

Studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of relevant review articles published through December 2020. The search strategy was restricted to articles about NAD+, its derivatives, and their association with cognitive function in AD rodent models. The initial search yielded 320 articles, of which 11 publications were included in our systematic review.

Based on the primary outcomes, it was revealed that NAD+ improves learning and memory. The secondary endpoints also showed neuroprotective effects of NAD+ on different AD models. The proposed neuroprotective mechanisms included, but were not limited to, the attenuation of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, while enhancing the mitochondrial function.

The current systematic review summarizes the preclinical studies on NAD+ precursors and provides evidence favoring the pro-cognitive effects of such components in rodent models of AD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Leila Hosseini, Javad Mahmoudi & Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad

  2. Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Fariba Pashazadeh & Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr

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  1. Leila Hosseini
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  2. Javad Mahmoudi
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  3. Fariba Pashazadeh
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  4. Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
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  5. Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
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LH, JM, and SS-E designed the project. FP and HS-P performed the literature review and extracted data. LH and S S-E wrote the manuscript. S S-E supervised the work. JM and S S-E edited the final version.

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Correspondence to Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad.

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Hosseini, L., Mahmoudi, J., Pashazadeh, F. et al. Protective Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. J Mol Neurosci 71, 1425–1435 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-021-01842-6

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