Iron Deficiency, Cognitive Functions, and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Children

Pivina, Lyudmila; Semenova, Yuliya; Doşa, Monica Daniela; Dauletyarova, Marzhan; Bjørklund, Geir

doi:10.1007/s12031-019-01276-1

Published: 18 February 2019

Iron Deficiency, Cognitive Functions, and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Children

Lyudmila Pivina^1,2,
Yuliya Semenova^1,2,
Monica Daniela Doşa³,
Marzhan Dauletyarova⁴ &
Geir Bjørklund ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-3935⁵

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience volume 68, pages 1–10 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

More than 25% of the world’s population is affected by anemia, of which more than 50% suffers from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Children below 7 years of age are the population group that is most vulnerable to iron deficiency. Iron is an essential element in brain metabolism. Iron deficiency can cause changes in neurotransmitter homeostasis, decrease myelin production, impair synaptogenesis, and decline the function of the basal ganglia. Therefore, IDA adversely affects cognitive functions and psychomotor development. Research has shown that iron deficiency is a frequent comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder. Iron deficiency may also induce or exacerbate deficiency of other essential nutrients, which may have a negative impact on the developing brain and other organs in infants. Many nations of the world have programs to control IDA based on the use of iron supplementation, intake of fortified food and drinks, improved food safety, and monitoring of dietary diversity. Based on the current recommendations of the World Health Organization on cost-effectiveness (WHO-CHOICE), iron fortification and iron supplementation programs can be considered cost-effective or even highly cost-effective in most countries of the world to averting cognitive impairment.

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Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Lyudmila Pivina & Yuliya Semenova
CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Lyudmila Pivina & Yuliya Semenova
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
Monica Daniela Doşa
Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Marzhan Dauletyarova
Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway
Geir Bjørklund

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Lyudmila Pivina
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Yuliya Semenova
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Monica Daniela Doşa
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Pivina, L., Semenova, Y., Doşa, M.D. et al. Iron Deficiency, Cognitive Functions, and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Children. J Mol Neurosci 68, 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-019-01276-1

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Received: 29 November 2018
Accepted: 07 February 2019
Published: 18 February 2019
Issue Date: 15 May 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-019-01276-1

Keywords

Anemia
Iron deficiency
Children
Cognitive function
Children
ADHD
Autism
Psychomotor development