Abstract
Primary cilia are small, special cellular organelles that provide important sensory and signaling functions during the development of mammalian organs and coordination of postnatal cellular processes. Dysfunction of primary cilia are thought to be the main cause of ciliopathies, a group of genetic disorders characterized by overlapping developmental defects and prominent neurodevelopmental features. Although, disrupted cilia-linked signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of numerous neuronal functions, the precise role of primary cilia in the brain are still unknown. Importantly, studies of recent years have highlighted that different functions of primary cilia are reflected by their diverse morphology and unique signaling components localized in the ciliary membrane. In the present study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the expression pattern, distribution and length of adenylyl cyclase 3, somatostatin receptor 3, and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B expressing primary cilia in the mouse brain. We show that cilia of neurons and astrocytes display a well characterized distribution and ciliary marker arrangements. Moreover, quantitative comparison of their length, density and occurrence rate revealed that primary cilia exhibit region-specific alternations. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular organization and morphological traits of primary cilia in regions of the physiological adult mouse brain.
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Abbreviations
- 5HT6 :
-
Somatostatin receptor 6
- AC3:
-
Adenylyl cylase type 3
- ARC:
-
Arcuate nucleus
- Arl13b:
-
ADP-ribosylation factor –like protein 13 B
- AsPC:
-
Astrocytic primary cilia
- BBS:
-
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- D1r:
-
Dopamine receptor subtype 1
- DM:
-
Dorsomedial nucleus
- GFAP:
-
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GPCR:
-
G protein-coupled receptor
- Kiss1r:
-
Kisspeptin receptor 1
- Mch1r:
-
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor subtype 1
- NeuN:
-
Neuronal specific nuclear protein
- NPC:
-
Neuronal primary cilia
- NPY2r:
-
Neuropeptide Y 2 receptor
- NPY5r:
-
Neuropeptide Y 5 receptor
- PVN:
-
Paraventricular nucleus
- SCN:
-
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Sstr3:
-
Somatostatin receptor subtype 3
- VM:
-
Ventromedial nucleus
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Acknowledgements
We thank Ms. Andrea Fábiánkovics and Ms. Krisztina Fülöp for their excellent technical assistance.
Funding
The study was supported by a grant from the University of Pécs, Hungary (grant number: KA-2015-09).
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Animal experiments were conducted according to the European legislation on animal experimentation [Directives of the European Community (DIRECTIVE 2010/63/EU) and Hungarian regulations (40/2013, II.14)] in the laboratories of the University of Pécs.
The project was approved by local and national ethical boards and license was issued by government authorities (License No.:BA02/2000-44/2016 (KA-2068)).
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Sipos, É., Komoly, S. & Ács, P. Quantitative Comparison of Primary Cilia Marker Expression and Length in the Mouse Brain. J Mol Neurosci 64, 397–409 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1036-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1036-z