Abstract
Familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM) is a vascular malformation disorder that closely associated with three identified genes: KRIT1/CCM1, MGC4607/CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3. Here, we present a Chinese family affected by FCCM due to a novel KRIT1/CCM1 insertion mutation. The proband was hospitalized for sudden unconsciousness and underwent surgical treatment. The section of lesions showed classical cavernous-dilated vessels without intervening brain parenchyma, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were accumulated in the surrounding tissue. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe multiple cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) lesions in cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum in other affected subjects. Especially, for the proband’s mother, hundreds of lesions were presented, and a few lesions were found in the expanded lateral ventricle (Evans’ index =0.33). Moreover, she showed the similar symptoms of hydrocephalus, including headache, dizziness, and diplopia. It was extremely rare in previous reports. To date, the genetic alterations leading to FCCM in Chinese population remain largely unknown. We investigated genetic defects of this family. Sequence analyses disclosed a novel heterozygous insertion mutation (c.1896_1897insT; p.Pro633SerfsTer22) in KRIT1/CCM1. Moreover, our real-time PCR results revealed that the mRNA level of KRIT1/CCM1 were significantly decreased in FCCM subjects (CCM family =0.42 ± 0.20 vs. healthy control =1.01 ± 0.16, P = 0.004). It indicated that this mutation could cause KRIT1/CCM1 functional mRNA deficiency. It may be closely related with the pathogenesis of FCCM. Our findings provided a new gene mutation profile which will be of great significance in early diagnosis and appropriate clinical surveillance of FCCM patients.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the family members for their cooperation. Moreover, the authors thank pathologist Yujin Su for providing the tissue sections of proband and thank Haowen Li for technical assistance.
This study is supported by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission Foundation (KM201410025028).
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The informed consent form was signed before taking the family’s blood samplings and analyzing their genes. Then the study was carried out according to the guidelines of the Ethical Committee of Tiantan Hospital.
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Hui Wang and Yunzhu Pan contributed equally.
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Wang, H., Pan, Y., Zhang, Z. et al. A Novel KRIT1/CCM1 Gene Insertion Mutation Associated with Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in a Chinese Family. J Mol Neurosci 61, 221–226 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-017-0881-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-017-0881-5