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Somatostatin in Medium-Sized Aspiny Interneurons of Striatum is Responsible for Their Preservation in Quinolinic Acid and N-Methyl-d-Asparate-Induced Neurotoxicity

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Abstract

Somatostatin (SST) is a multifunctional peptide and involves in several neurodegenerative diseases. N-Methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptor agonist quinolinic acid (QUIN)-induced neurotoxicity mimics an experimental model of Huntington’s disease that is characterized by the selective preservation of medium-sized aspiny interneurons and degeneration of medium-sized spiny projection neurons in striatum. In QUIN- and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity, increased expression of SST and messenger RNA levels along with SST release in culture medium is generally observed. However, the molecular mechanisms and the functional consequences of increased SST are still obscure. In the present study, the role of SST was determined using immunoneutralization and immunoblockade of SST in cultured striatal neurons upon QUIN- and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. The immunoblockade of SST with antisense oligonucleotides and immunoabsorption of released SST with specific antibodies potentiate QUIN- and NMDA-induced neuronal cell death. NADPH–diaphorase positive neurons that are selectively spared in several processes of neurodegeneration result in severe damage upon immunoblockade or immunoabsorption of SST. In addition, exogenous SST along with QUIN and NMDA provides selective preservation of projection neurons, which are selectively susceptible in excitotoxicity. Neuroprotective effect of SST is completely blocked by pertussis toxins, suggesting the role of somatostatin receptors. Taken together, these results provide first evidence that the presence of SST is a unique feature for the selective sparing of medium sized aspiny interneurons in excitotoxicity.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research (MOP-6196 and MOP-74465). The author thanks Haydar Alturaihi and Heather L. Watt for technical assistance, and Rania Mouchantaf and Aruna Rani for initial RIA for SST. The author is a Senior Investigator of the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research.

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  1. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Ujendra Kumar

  2. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, Canada

    Ujendra Kumar

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Kumar, U. Somatostatin in Medium-Sized Aspiny Interneurons of Striatum is Responsible for Their Preservation in Quinolinic Acid and N-Methyl-d-Asparate-Induced Neurotoxicity. J Mol Neurosci 35, 345–354 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-008-9093-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-008-9093-3

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