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Apoptosis Detection Methods in Diagnosis of Cancer and Their Potential Role in Treatment: Advantages and Disadvantages: a Review

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Abstract

Introduction

Interruption of regulation of apoptosis can play a leading role in cancers where elevated apoptosis causes neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, AIDS, and ischemia. One famous example can be p53’s downregulation, which is a tumor suppressor gene, which consequently can cause a decrease in apoptosis rate and intense tumor growth and progression and development and inactivation of 53; it can be extended to many cancers in human. Anyhow, apoptosis is a double-edge sword. There are many trials and studies are going on observation and understanding of different steps involved in apoptosis. Apoptosis has a very major role in carcinogenesis and the treatment of cancer.

Aim

In this updated-cum-comprehensive review, we would like to cover what is apoptosis and cancer and also, will discuss all known methods of apoptosisdetection, their applicability in the treatment of cancer, and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.

Material and methods

Published articles on indexing sources such as PubMed, Scopus from 2000 to date.

Result

By considering all above information including each methods pros and cons, these routine methods could be great tool with distinctive qualities in treatmentwhich can be great help from patient perspective and as well from government ad health care system point of view.

Conclusion

Accurate diagnosis of cell apoptotic biopathways at different stages assists in evaluating near to exact apoptotic index, which is the perfect sign andindicator for metastasis and also prognosis, thus foreseeing treatment outcome.

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Contribution

AK, SJ, MP, and SH.K contributed equally. R.S and MY.A jointly supervised and revised the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Amir Khodavirdipour, Sarvin Jabbari & Reza Safaralizadeh

  2. Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, St. John’s Hospital, Bangalore, India

    Amir Khodavirdipour

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

    Motahareh Piri & Shiva Keshavarzi

  4. Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

    Mohammad Yousef Alikhani

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  1. Amir Khodavirdipour
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Khodavirdipour, A., Piri, M., Jabbari, S. et al. Apoptosis Detection Methods in Diagnosis of Cancer and Their Potential Role in Treatment: Advantages and Disadvantages: a Review. J Gastrointest Canc 52, 422–430 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-020-00576-9

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