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Histone Deacetylase Modifications by Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer

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Abstract

Summary

It has been demonstrated that epigenetic modifications of histone (acetylation/deacetylation) participate in a critical role in cancer progression by the regulation of gene expression. Several processes could be regulated by deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins such as apoptosis, proliferation, cell metabolism, differentiation, and DNA repair. Hence, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are employed as a hopeful group of anti-cancer drugs that could inhibit tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis. The elimination of the acetylation marks that take place as an essential epigenetic change in cancer cells is associated to HDAC expression and activity. In this regard, it has been reported that class I HDACs have a vital role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation.

Objectives

In this review, we discuss whether gut origin microorganisms could promote cancer or tumor resistance and explain mechanisms of these processes.

Conclusions

According to the enormous capacity of the metabolism of the intestine microbiota, bacteria are likely to convert nutrients and digestive compounds into metabolites that regulate epigenetic in cancer. The effect of the food is of interest on epigenetic changes in the intestinal mucosa and colonocytes, as misleading nucleotide methylation may be a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Since epigenetic changes are potentially reversible, they can serve as therapeutic targets for preventing CRC. However, various mechanisms have been identified in the field of prevention, treatment, and progression of cancer by probiotics, which include intestinal microbiota modulation, increased intestinal barrier function, degradation of potential carcinogens, protective effect on intestinal epithelial damage, and increased immune function.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Cancer Research Center of Semnan University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Amir Salek Farrokhi, Maryam Mohammadlou, Maryam Abdollahi & Bahman Yousefi

  2. Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Majid Eslami

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  1. Amir Salek Farrokhi
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  2. Maryam Mohammadlou
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  3. Maryam Abdollahi
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  4. Majid Eslami
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Contributions

Amir Salek Farrokhi investigated and supervised the findings of this work, wrote the article, provided critical feedback, and helped the analysis of manuscript; Majid Eslami designed the study, helped supervise the project, and conceived the original idea, discussed the results, and commented on the manuscript; Bahman Yousefi contributed to the final version of the manuscript, supervised the project, and contributed to the interpretation of the results; Maryam Abdollahi developed the theoretical framework and processed the experimental data; Maryam Mohammadlou designed the model and the computational framework and analyzed the data.

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Correspondence to Majid Eslami.

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Salek Farrokhi, A., Mohammadlou, M., Abdollahi, M. et al. Histone Deacetylase Modifications by Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Canc 51, 754–764 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-019-00338-2

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