Abstract
Background
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically exhibit hyperdynamic cardiovascular hemodynamics, which may lead to increased medication clearance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the actual creatinine clearance (CrClA) in an aneurysmal SAH population and the effect of the development of cerebral vasospasm (CV) along with its treatment to better understand if this population exhibits augmented renal clearance (ARC).
Methods
This was a prospective, single-center study in a neurosciences ICU at a university hospital. A total of 20 patients were consented and provided a 24-h urine sample to measure the CrClA. If patients experienced CV, a 24-h urine collection was repeated during vasospasm treatment. CrClA was measured using a modified Jaffe assay.
Results
Among the 20 patients enrolled, the mean SAH CrClA was 325.93 ± 135.20 ml/min 1.73 m2 and this differed significantly from the SAH estimated creatinine clearance (CrClE) 144.93 ± 42.82 ml/min 1.73 m2 (p < 0.001). Four patients developed CV; the mean CV CrClA was 558.43 ± 356.12 ml/min 1.73 m2 and there was no significant difference when compared to those patients’ mean SAH CrClA (246.91 ± 84.14 ml/min 1.73 m2, p = 0.16).
Conclusions
ARC was present in 100 % of the patients with recent SAH enrolled. Although ARC remained present in the patients who experienced CV, their creatinine clearance was not significantly further augmented. Further work is needed to clarify the impact of such clearances on renally excreted medications and how the development and treatment of CV further augment these findings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2006;4:387–96.
Frontera JA, Fernandez A, Schmidt JM, et al. Defining vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: what is the most clinically relevant definition? Stroke. 2009;6:1963–8.
Vergouwen MD, Vermeulen M, van Gijn J, et al. Definition of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as an outcome event in clinical trials and observational studies: proposal of a multidisciplinary research group. Stroke. 2010;10:2391–5.
Yoshimoto Y, Tanaka Y, Hoya K. Acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;9:1989–93.
Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Assessing kidney function–measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006;23:2473–83.
Udy AA, Roberts JA, Boots RJ, Paterson DL, Lipman J. Augmented renal clearance: implications for antibacterial dosing in the critically ill. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;1:1–16.
Udy A, Boots R, Senthuran S, et al. Augmented creatinine clearance in traumatic brain injury. Anesth Analg. 2010;6:1505–10.
Minville V, Asehnoune K, Ruiz S, et al. Increased creatinine clearance in polytrauma patients with normal serum creatinine: a retrospective observational study. Crit Care. 2011;1:R49.
Lipman J, Wallis SC, Boots RJ. Cefepime versus cefpirome: the importance of creatinine clearance. Anesth Analg. 2003;4:1149–54.
Conil JM, Georges B, Fourcade O, et al. Assessment of renal function in clinical practice at the bedside of burn patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;5:583–94.
Connolly ES Jr, Rabinstein AA, Carhuapoma JR, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2012;6:1711–37.
Lannes M, Teitelbaum J, del Pilar Cortes M, Cardoso M, Angle M. Milrinone and homeostasis to treat cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Montreal Neurological Hospital protocol. Neurocrit Care. 2012;3:354–62.
Baptista JP, Udy AA, Sousa E, et al. A comparison of estimates of glomerular filtration in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance. Crit Care. 2011;3:R139.
Hoste EA, Damen J, Vanholder RC, et al. Assessment of renal function in recently admitted critically ill patients with normal serum creatinine. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;4:747–53.
Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16:31–41.
Spencer DD, Jacobi J, Juenke JM, Fleck JD, Kays MB. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam in neurocritical care patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;10:934–41.
Udy AA, Varghese JM, Altukroni M, et al. Subtherapeutic initial beta-lactam concentrations in select critically ill patients. Chest. 2012;1:30–9.
Carlier M, Carrette S, Roberts JA, et al. Meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam prescribing in critically ill patients: does augmented renal clearance affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment when extended infusions are used? Crit Care. 2013;3:R84.
Cook AM, Arora S, Davis J, Pittman T. Augmented renal clearance of vancomycin and levetiracetam in a traumatic brain injury patient. Neurocrit Care. 2013;2:210–4.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank our neuroscience intensive care nursing staff for their efforts and cooperation to facilitate urine collection for this study and Cyndi Mattingly for her work with the urine creatinine assay.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
May, C.C., Arora, S., Parli, S.E. et al. Augmented Renal Clearance in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 23, 374–379 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-015-0127-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-015-0127-8