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The Effects of Fluid Balance and Colloid Administration on Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

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Abstract

Background

Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a significant cause of mortality and disability. The administration of colloids and the induction of a positive fluid balance during the vasospasm risk period remain controversial. Here, we compared DIND and outcomes among propensity score-matched cohorts who did and did not receive colloids and also tested the effect of a positive fluid balance on these endpoints.

Methods

Exploratory analysis was performed on 413 patients enrolled in CONSCIOUS-1, a prospective randomized trial of clazosentan for the prevention of angiographic vasospasm. Propensity score matching was performed on the basis of age, gender, pre-existing heart conditions, hypertension, nicotine use, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies scores, aneurysm location, clazosentan treatment, subarachnoid clot burden, and severity of angiographic vasospasm. Inferential statistics were used for group-wise comparisons.

Results

One hundred twenty-three subjects were matched (41 received colloids, whereas 82 did not). The covariate balance and propensity score distributions were acceptable. There was no difference between the groups with respect to DIND (17 vs. 22 %; p = 0.64) or the presence (48 vs. 51 %; p = 0.71) or volume of delayed infarcts (volume >7.5 cm3; 62 vs. 48 %; p = 0.41). Similarly, no differences were found on multivariate analysis between patients who did and did not have a positive fluid balance, although patients with severe angiographic vasospasm had more delayed infarcts with a negative fluid balance (p = 0.01). Among all subjects, the administration of colloids and a positive fluid balance were associated with worse outcomes on the NIHSS (p = 0.04) and modified Rankin (p = 0.02) scales, respectively.

Conclusions

Colloid administration and induction of a positive fluid balance during the vasospasm risk period may be associated with poor outcomes in specific patient groups. Patient selection is of utmost importance when managing the fluid status of patients with aneurysmal SAH.

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Abbreviations

ACA:

Anterior cerebral artery

CT:

Computed tomography

DIND:

Delayed ischemic neurological deficit

GOSE:

Extended glasgow outcome scale

HHH:

Triple-H (hypertension, hypervolemia, hemodilution)

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

mRS:

Modified rankin scale

NIHSS:

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

SAH:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

WFNS:

World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies

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Disclosures

Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., was the sponsor of the CONSCIOUS-1 trial; the company provided the authors with the trial dataset, but had no role in this exploratory analysis nor the development of the article. The data analysis and writing are the work of the authors. R. Loch Macdonald is a chief scientific officer at Edge Therapeutics, Inc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada

    George M. Ibrahim & R. Loch Macdonald

  2. Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada

    George M. Ibrahim & R. Loch Macdonald

  3. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    George M. Ibrahim & R. Loch Macdonald

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Correspondence to George M. Ibrahim.

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Ibrahim, G.M., Macdonald, R.L. The Effects of Fluid Balance and Colloid Administration on Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Neurocrit Care 19, 140–149 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-013-9860-z

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