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Impact of mast cells in depression disorder: inhibitory effect of IL-37 (new frontiers)

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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to study the involvement of inflammatory mast cells (MCs) in depression which may be inhibited by IL-37. We evaluate mast cells in depression on the basis of our previous experimental data, and using the most relevant studies reported in the literature. Dysfunction of mood, feelings, and thoughts is a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases and may influence the physiology of the body leading to depression. Depression, present in mastocytosis, is an important endogenous process that promotes the activation of meningeal cell receptors through a low-grade neurogenic chronic inflammation, and MCs. Mast cells are localized along meningeal blood vessels and connective tissues, as well as between the ganglion cells and nerve fibers. They are present in the hypothalamus of mammalian brains capable of communication with nerves. MCs are classically activated by binding to IgE cross-link FcεRI high-affinity receptor leading to release a plethora of mediators responsible for the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), produced by MCs, has been found in microglial cells where it regulates immune cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including depression. Inflammatory cytokines released by MCs aggravate depression and could be partially inhibited by IL-37. A detailed understanding of the interaction between the immune system, including MCs and depression, is necessary in order to address an effective therapy which could include IL-37. As a consequence, the concepts reviewed here have treatment implications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Unità d’Italia 73, Chieti, 66013, Italy

    Pio Conti

  2. University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Alessandro Caraffa

  3. Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy

    Gianpaolo Ronconi

  4. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

    Chiara M. Conti

  5. Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece

    Spiros K. Kritas

  6. Department of Medical Science and Biotechnology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy

    Filiberto Mastrangelo

  7. Department of Medical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Lucia Tettamanti

  8. Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Theoharis C. Theoharides

Authors
  1. Pio Conti
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  2. Alessandro Caraffa
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  3. Gianpaolo Ronconi
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  4. Chiara M. Conti
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  5. Spiros K. Kritas
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  6. Filiberto Mastrangelo
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  7. Lucia Tettamanti
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  8. Theoharis C. Theoharides
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Contributions

Pio Conti, thought and wrote the paper.

Alessandro Caraffa, worked in the laboratory and contributed to the results.

Gianpaolo Ronconi, worked in the laboratory and contributed to the results.

Chiara M. Conti, took care of the neurological part.

Spiros K. Kritas, contributed to the discussion of the results.

Filiberto Mastrangelo, contributed to the discussion of the results.

Lucia Tettamanti, contributed to the discussion of the results.

Theoharis C. Theoharides, he corrected the manuscript and gave important suggestions.

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Correspondence to Pio Conti.

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Conti, P., Caraffa, A., Ronconi, G. et al. Impact of mast cells in depression disorder: inhibitory effect of IL-37 (new frontiers). Immunol Res 66, 323–331 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-018-9004-9

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