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Autoimmunity and dysmetabolism of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains ill-defined by lists of symptoms, infections, tumors, and disorders in metabolism and immunity. Low CD4 cell count, severe loss of body weight, pneumocystis pneumonia, and Kaposi’s sarcoma are the major disease indicators. Lines of evidence indicate that patients living with AIDS have both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Immunodeficiency is attributed to deficits in the skin- and mucosa-defined innate immunity, CD4 T cells and regulatory T cells, presumably relating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The autoimmunity in AIDS is evident by: (1) overproduction of autoantibodies, (2) impaired response of CD4 cells and CD8 cells, (3) failure of clinical trials of HIV vaccines, and (4) therapeutic benefits of immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation and bone marrow transplantation in patients at risk of AIDS. Autoantibodies are generated in response to antigens such as debris and molecules de novo released from dead cells, infectious agents, and catabolic events. Disturbances in metabolic homeostasis occur at the interface of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity in the development of AIDS. Optimal treatments favor therapeutics targeting on the regulation of metabolism to restore immune homeostasis.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

Treg:

Regulatory T cells

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Guilin Medical University (KY2011002), Program for Innovative Research Team of Guilin Medical University (PIRTGMU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471054 and KY2013082).

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    1. Department of Immunology, Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China

      Yan-Mei Huang, Xue-Zhi Hong, Jiang-Xi Luo & Hai-Lu Zhao

    2. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China

      Xue-Zhi Hong & Han-You Mo

    3. Fangchenggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fangchenggang, 538021, Guangxi, China

      Jia-Hua Xu

    4. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China

      Hai-Lu Zhao

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    Huang, YM., Hong, XZ., Xu, JH. et al. Autoimmunity and dysmetabolism of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunol Res 64, 641–652 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-015-8767-5

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