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Biology and pathophysiology of the new human retrovirus XMRV and its association with human disease

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Abstract

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) is a new human retrovirus originally identified in prostate cancer patients with a deficiency in the antiviral enzyme RNase L. XMRV has been detected with varying frequencies in cases of prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as well as in a small proportion of healthy individuals. An etiologic link between XMRV infection and human disease, however, has yet to be established. Here, we summarize existing knowledge regarding the characteristics of XMRV replication, association of XMRV with prostate cancer and CFS, and potential mechanisms of XMRV pathophysiology. We also highlight several areas, such as the establishment of standardized assays and the development of animal models, as future directions to advance our current understanding of XMRV and its relevance to human disease.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by The Margaret E. Early Medical Research Trust Grant and the U.S. Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program Idea Development Award (PC094093) to S.A.C.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Molecular Biology Institute, 650 Charles E. Young Dr, CHS 23-133, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Alice Rusmevichientong & Samson A. Chow

  2. UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Alice Rusmevichientong & Samson A. Chow

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  1. Alice Rusmevichientong
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  2. Samson A. Chow
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Correspondence to Samson A. Chow.

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Rusmevichientong, A., Chow, S.A. Biology and pathophysiology of the new human retrovirus XMRV and its association with human disease. Immunol Res 48, 27–39 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8165-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8165-y

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