Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Retroviral immunology: lessons from a mouse model

  • Published:
Immunologic Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Friend virus (FV) is a murine retrovirus that causes acute disease leading to lethal erythroleukemia in most strains of mice. Strains of mice that mount strong and rapid immune responses can recover from acute infection, but nevertheless develop life-long chronic infections. The study of this infection has revealed the types of immune responses required for both recovery from the acute phase and the control of the chronic phase of infection. This knowledge has led to vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat infections and associated disease states. The FV model has provided insights into immunological mechanisms found to be relevant to human infections with retroviruses such as HIV-1 and HTLV-1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Robertson SJ, Ammann CG, Messer RJ, Carmody AB, Myers L, Dittmer U, et al. Suppression of acute anti-friend virus CD8+ T-cell responses by coinfection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. J Virol. 2008;82:408–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Friend C. Cell-free transmission in adult Swiss mice of a disease having the character of a leukemia. J Exp Med. 1957;105:307–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Albritton LM, Tseng L, Scadden D, Cunningham JM. A putative murine ecotropic retrovirus receptor gene encodes a multiple membrane-spanning protein and confers susceptibility to virus infection. Cell. 1989;57:659–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yamaguchi S, Hasegawa M, Suzuki T, Ikeda H, Aizawa S, Hirokawa K, et al. In vivo distribution of receptor for ecotropic murine leukemia virus and binding of envelope protein of Friend Murine leukemia virus. Arch Virol. 2003;148:1175–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dittmer U, Messer R, Race B, Stromnes IM, Hasenkrug KJ. Essential roles for CD8+ T-cells and interferon gamma in protection of mice against retrovirus-induced immunosuppression. J Virol. 2002;76:450–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kabat D. Molecular biology of Friend viral erythroleukemia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1989;148:1–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chesebro B, Miyazawa M, Britt WJ. Host genetic control of spontaneous and induced immunity to Friend murine retrovirus infection. Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:477–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hasenkrug KJ, Chesebro B. Immunity to retroviral infection: The Friend virus model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:7811–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Robertson MN, Spangrude GJ, Hasenkrug K, Perry L, Nishio J, Wehrly K, et al. Role and specificity of T-cell subsets in spontaneous recovery from Friend virus-induced leukemia in mice. J Virol. 1992;66:3271–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hasenkrug KJ, Brooks DM, Chesebro B. Passive immunotherapy for retroviral disease: influence of major histocompatibility complex type and T-cell responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:10492–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hasenkrug KJ. Lymphocyte deficiencies increase susceptibility to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia in Fv-2 genetically resistant mice. J Virol. 1999;73:6468–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dittmer U, Peterson KE, Messer R, Stromnes IM, Race B, Hasenkrug KJ. Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12, and gamma interferon in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to Friend retrovirus infection. J Virol. 2001;75:654–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Stromnes IM, Dittmer U, Schumacher TN, Schepers K, Messer RJ, Evans LH, et al. Temporal effects of gamma interferon deficiency on the course of Friend retrovirus infection in mice. J Virol. 2002;76:2225–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001;409:860–921.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Waterston RH, Lindblad-Toh K, Birney E, Rogers J, Abril JF, Agarwal P, et al. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature. 2002;420:520–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chesebro B, Wehrly K. Identification of a non-H-2 gene (Rfv-3) influencing recovery from viremia and leukemia induced by Friend virus complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76:425–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Doig D, Chesebro B. Anti-Friend virus antibody is associated with recovery from viremia and loss of viral leukemia cell-surface antigens in leukemic mice Identification of Rfv-3 as a gene locus influencing antibody production. J Exp Med. 1979;150:10–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hasenkrug KJ, Valenzuela A, Letts VA, Nishio J, Chesebro B, Frankel WN. Chromosome mapping of Rfv3, a host resistance gene to Friend murine retrovirus. J Virol. 1995;69:2617–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Super HJ, Hasenkrug KJ, Simmons S, Brooks DM, Konzek R, Sarge KD, et al. Fine mapping of the friend retrovirus resistance gene, Rfv3, on mouse chromosome 15. J Virol. 1999;73:7848–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Santiago ML, Montano M, Benitez R, Messer RJ, Yonemoto W, Chesebro B, et al. Apobec3 encodes Rfv3, a gene influencing neutralizing antibody control of retrovirus infection. Science. 2008;321:1343–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kanari Y, Clerici M, Abe H, Kawabata H, Trabattoni D, Caputo SL, et al. Genotypes at chromosome 22q 12–13 are associated with HIV-1-exposed but uninfected status in Italians. AIDS. 2005;19:1015–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chesebro B, Bloom M, Wehrly K, Nishio J. Persistence of infectious Friend virus in spleens of mice after spontaneous recovery from virus-induced erythroleukemia. J Virol. 1979;32:832–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hasenkrug KJ, Brooks DM, Dittmer U. Critical role for CD4+ T cells in controlling retrovirus replication and spread in persistently infected mice. J Virol. 1998;72:6559–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Iwashiro M, Peterson K, Messer RJ, Stromnes IM, Hasenkrug KJ. CD4(+) T cells and gamma interferon in the long-term control of persistent friend retrovirus infection. J Virol. 2001;75:52–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jellison ER, Kim SK, Welsh RM. Cutting edge MHC class II-restricted killing in vivo during viral infection. J Immunol. 2005;174:614–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Norris PJ, Moffett HF, Yang OO, Kaufmann DE, Clark MJ, Addo MM, et al. Beyond help: direct effector functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD4(+) T cells. J Virol. 2004;78:8844–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Appay V, Zaunders JJ, Papagno L, Sutton J, Jaramillo A, Waters A, et al. Characterization of CD4(+) CTLs ex vivo. J Immunol. 2002;168:5954–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen W, Qin H, Chesebro B, Cheever MA. Identification of a gag-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from FBL-3 leukemia shared by Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-induced tumors. J Virol. 1996;70:7773–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dittmer U, He H, Messer RJ, Schimmer S, Olbrich AR, Ohlen C, et al. Functional impairment of CD8(+) T cells by regulatory T cells during persistent retroviral infection. Immunity. 2004;20:293–303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zelinskyy G, Robertson SJ, Schimmer S, Messer RJ, Hasenkrug KJ, Dittmer U. CD8+ T-Cell dysfunction due to cytolytic granule deficiency in persistent Friend retrovirus infection. J Virol. 2005;79:10619–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Iwashiro M, Messer RJ, Peterson KE, Stromnes IM, Sugie T, Hasenkrug KJ. Immunosuppression by CD4+ regulatory T cells induced by chronic retroviral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:9226–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell. 2000;101:455–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Robertson SJ, Messer RJ, Carmody AB, Hasenkrug KJ. In vitro suppression of CD8+ T Cell function by Friend virus-induced regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2006;176:3342–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Piccirillo CA, Shevach EM. Cutting edge: control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory cells. J Immunol. 2001;167:1137–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Takahashi T, Ishida Y, Sakaguchi S. Stimulation of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:135–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ji HB, Liao G, Faubion WA, Abadia-Molina AC, Cozzo C, Laroux FS, et al. Cutting edge: the natural ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein abrogates regulatory T cell suppression. J Immunol. 2004;172:5823–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ronchetti S, Zollo O, Bruscoli S, Agostini M, Bianchini R, Nocentini G, et al. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is costimulatory to mouse T lymphocyte subpopulations. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34:613–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Shevach EM, Stephens GL. The GITR-GITRL interaction: co-stimulation or contrasuppression of regulatory activity? Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6:613–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. He H, Messer RJ, Sakaguchi S, Yang G, Robertson SJ, Hasenkrug KJ. Reduction of retrovirus-induced immunosuppression by in vivo modulation of T cells during acute infection. J Virol. 2004;78:11641–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Choi BK, Bae JS, Choi EM, Kang WJ, Sakaguchi S, Vinay DS, et al. 4-1BB-dependent inhibition of immunosuppression by activated CD4+ CD25+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;75:785–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bukczynski J, Wen T, Ellefsen K, Gauldie J, Watts TH. Costimulatory ligand 4-1BBL (CD137L) as an efficient adjuvant for human antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:1291–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cooper D, Bansal-Pakala P, Croft M. 4-1BB (CD137) controls the clonal expansion and survival of CD8 T cells in vivo but does not contribute to the development of cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol. 2002;32:521–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Takahashi C, Mittler RS, Vella AT. Cutting edge: 4-1BB is a bona fide CD8 T cell survival signal. J Immunol. 1999;162:5037–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Tan JT, Whitmire JK, Ahmed R, Pearson TC, Larsen CP. 4-1BB ligand, a member of the TNF family, is important for the generation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses. J Immunol. 1999;163:4859–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zheng G, Wang B, Chen A. The 4-1BB costimulation augments the proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2004;173:2428–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Robertson SJ, Messer RJ, Carmody AB, Mittler RS, Burlak C, Hasenkrug KJ. CD137 Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells Confers Resistance to Suppression by Virus-Induced Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol. 2008;180:5267–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Koff WC, Johnson PR, Watkins DI, Burton DR, Lifson JD, Hasenkrug KJ, et al. HIV vaccine design: insights from live attenuated SIV vaccines. Nat Immunol. 2006;7:19–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dittmer U, Brooks DM, Hasenkrug KJ. Requirement for multiple lymphocyte subsets in protection against retroviral infection by a live attenuated vaccine. Nat Med. 1999;5:189–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Messer RJ, Dittmer U, Peterson KE, Hasenkrug KJ. Essential role for virus-neutralizing antibodies in sterilizing immunity against Friend retrovirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:12260–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kim J. Hasenkrug.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Myers, L., Hasenkrug, K.J. Retroviral immunology: lessons from a mouse model. Immunol Res 43, 160–166 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8061-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8061-x

Keywords

Navigation