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Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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Abstract

Purpose

Hypomagnesemia, characterized by low magnesium levels, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of hypomagnesemia prevalence in individuals with T2DM as well as its potential implications for diabetes management and complications.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Research Gate to identify relevant studies between January 2008 and August 2023. We focused on observational studies related to serum magnesium levels and Type 2 Diabetes in individuals aged 19 and older. Newcastle Ottawa tool was used for quality assessment. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM.

Results

We identified a total of 671 studies, and after screening 383 abstracts and full texts by two independent reviewers, we identified 19 eligible studies encompassing 4192 patients diagnosed with T2DM. The mean age was 55.4 (SD, 4.39) years with a mean HbA1C level of 8.01. The pooled prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM was 32% (95% CI: 22–36%) out of 4192 cases. On subgroup analysis, the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in male and female were 19.8% and 20.1%, respectively. Geographically, Asia had the highest prevalence of hypomagnesemia with 31.9% (95% CI: 24–41.1%).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis highlights a significant prevalence of hypomagnesemia in individuals with T2DM, emphasizing the need for further investigation due to the intricate nature of the association between serum magnesium levels and T2DM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pamnani Hospital and Research Center, (Department of Medicine), Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Aakanksha Pitliya

  2. Mayo Clinic, (Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery), Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan

  3. SGT Medical College, (Student), Gurugram, Haryana, India

    Vanshika Batra

  4. MRV Clinic, (Junior Physician), Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Mizba Basheer Patel

  5. Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, (Department of Medicine), Surat, Gujarat, India

    Anjali Desai

  6. Camden Clark Medical Center/University of West Virginia, (Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine), Parkersburg, WV, USA

    Sanjana Nethagani

  7. Camden Clark Medical Center/University of West Virginia, (Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine), Parkersburg, WV, USA

    Anmol Pitliya

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by A.P., V.B., M.B.P., Suraj, A.D., A.P. and S.N. The first draft of the manuscript was written by A.P. and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan.

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This systematic review is based on published data from literature and therefore does not involve active patient participation in the design, conduct, report or dissemination plans of the research. Therefore, it does not need ethical approval or consent for participation.

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Pitliya, A., Vasudevan, S.S., Batra, V. et al. Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Endocrine (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03670-7

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