Abstract
Purpose
The effect of a history of thyroid cancer on the prognosis of lung cancer patients has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this effect based on a large cohort.
Methods
Data of 154844 lung cancer patients, of whom 406 had prior thyroid cancer, were collected from SEER database. Primary survival analysis was conducted between patients with and without prior thyroid cancer using Kaplan–Meier method. Secondary survival analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the stage and histological subtype of the prior thyroid cancer on the survival of lung cancer patients. Propensity adjustment was used to reduce confounding effect.
Results
Compared to patients without prior malignancy, patients with prior thyroid cancer were predominantly female (72.4% vs. 48.7%, p < 0.001), had lower stage (proportion of localized tumor: 40.4% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001), and larger proportion of surgery (52.2% vs. 29.4%, p < 0.001), and had better survival (5-year survival rate: 55.53% vs. 33.16%, p < 0.001). After propensity adjustment, the survival was similar between the groups (5-year survival rate: 55.53% vs. 51.78%, p = 0.24). The survival of patients with different stages (localized tumor vs. regional tumor: p = 0.88) or different histological subtypes (p = 0.46) of prior thyroid cancer were comparable.
Conclusion
Survival of lung cancer patients with or without prior thyroid cancer was similar after propensity adjustment, and the stage or histological subtype of the prior thyroid cancer had no significant effect on the survival of lung cancer patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Lortet-Tieulent, S. Franceschi, L. Dal Maso et al. Thyroid cancer “epidemic” also occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Int. J. Cancer 144, 2082–2087 (2019)
H. Lim, S.S. Devesa, J.A. Sosa et al. Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1974–2013. JAMA 317, 1338–1348 (2017)
G.X. Wu, R.A. Nelson, J.Y. Kim et al. Non-small cell lung cancer as a second primary among patients with previous malignancy: who is at risk? Clin. Lung Cancer 18, 543–550.e543 (2017)
L.J. Ho, H.Y. Yang, C.H. Chung et al. Increased risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis: A nationwide, population-based cohort study. PLoS One 16, e0250531 (2021)
M.C. Lim, Y.J. Won, J. Lim et al. Second primary cancer after primary peritoneal, epithelial ovarian, and fallopian tubal cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 18, 800 (2018)
O. Preyer, N. Concin, A. Obermair et al. The relative risk of second primary cancers in Austria’s western states: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 17, 699 (2017)
Y.J. Huang, T.W. Huang, F.H. Lin et al. Radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer increases the risk of second primary lung cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort analysis. J. Thorac. Oncol. 12, 782–790 (2017)
Y.L. Lu, S.T. Chen, T.Y. Ho et al. Primary lung cancer with radioiodine avidity: A thyroid cancer cohort study. World J. Clin. Cases 9, 71–80 (2021)
M. Karaköse, İ. Çordan, M. Can et al. Incidence of second primary malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer in the Turkish population. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 49, 1529–1533 (2019)
F. Li, W.Z. Zhong, F.Y. Niu et al. Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer. BMC Cancer 15, 696 (2015)
K.H. Ko, H.K. Huang, Y.I. Chen et al. Surgical outcomes of second primary lung cancer after the extrapulmonary malignancy. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 146, 3323–3332 (2020)
M. Zhong, X. He, K. Lei, Survival of patients with first and metachronous second primary breast cancer or lung cancer malignancy: Comparisons using the SEER database. Adv. Ther. 37, 2236–2245 (2020)
R. Wang, Z. Yin, L. Liu et al. Second primary lung cancer after breast cancer: A population-based study of 6,269 women. Front Oncol. 8, 427 (2018)
N.A. Pagedar, A. Jayawardena, M.E. Charlton et al. Second primary lung cancer after head and neck cancer: Implications for screening computed tomography. Ann. Otol. Rhinol Laryngol 124, 765–769 (2015)
Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software (www.seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 8.3.9. Accessed July 14 2021
H. Sung, J. Ferlay, R.L. Siegel et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209–249 (2021)
L.H. Hsu, A.C. Feng, S.H. Kao et al. Second primary lung cancers among breast cancer patients treated with anti-estrogens have a longer cancer-specific survival. Anticancer Res. 35, 1121–1127 (2015)
F. Shoji, N. Yamashita, Y. Inoue et al. Surgical resection and outcome of Synchronous and metachronous primary lung cancer in breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 37, 5871–5876 (2017)
C. Song, D. Yu, Y. Wang et al. Dual primary cancer patients with lung cancer as a second primary malignancy: A population-based study. Front Oncol. 10, 515606 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This study used the data from the SEER database. We acknowledged the effort of the National Cancer Institute and the SEER Program tumor registries in the creation of the SEER database. The interpretation of these data was the sole responsibility of the authors.
Authors’ contributions
J.Z., T.Y.W., L.X., and L.M. contributed to the conception and design. L.M. contributed to the administrative support. J.Z., T.Y.W., L.X., and Q.Z. contributed to the provision of study materials or patients. T.Y.W., D.S.W., M.Y.L., and T.Y.L. contributed to the collection and assembly of data. J.Z., T.Y.W., and L.X. contributed to data analysis and interpretation. All authors contributed to the manuscript writing and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the Basic Science Program, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2018JY0596 to Lin Ma); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102968 to Jian Zhou), The Science and Technology Project of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, China (21PJ008 to Liang Xia), and Key Projects of Sichuan Province (2022YFS0208 to Liang Xia).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was waived because the information in the SEER database was not personally identifiable.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, J., Wang, T., Xia, L. et al. Effect of a prior thyroid cancer on the survival of lung cancer patients: a retrospective study based on SEER database. Endocrine 83, 142–149 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03474-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03474-9