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Cancer prevalence and cancer screening in patients with acromegaly: a single center experience

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of cancer in patients with acromegaly and the variables associated with malignant and premalignant lesions detected by cancer screening.

Methods

The data of 214 patients diagnosed with acromegaly in our institution were evaluated retrospectively. Prevalence of cancer was compared with national rates to estimate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The relationships of malignant and premalignant lesions detected by cancer screening with demographic, clinical, and radiological variables were also analyzed.

Results

Cancer was detected in 24 (13.4%) of 179 patients enrolled in the study. Compared to the general population, the incidence of all malignancies was increased in both women and men with acromegaly (SIR: 4.78, 95% CI: 2.43–8.53, p = 0.002 and SIR: 8.97, 95% CI: 5.51–14.7, p < 0.001, respectively). The most common cancers were thyroid, colorectal, breast, kidney, gastric, and testicular cancer, respectively. Duration of disease was the only independent risk factor for the development of cancer (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.002–1.011, p = 0.002). Malignant/premalignant lesions were detected in 21.5% of the patients with a colonoscopy scanning procedure and in 20.8% with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure, and current age was found to be higher among the patients with malignant/premalignant lesions (p = 0.023 and p = 0.003, respectively). Breast cancer was detected in 3.7% of screening tests performed with mammography.

Conclusion

In this study, it was shown that the prevalence of cancer increases with acromegaly and this increase is associated with disease duration. Considering the increase in the number of premalignant lesions, the scope of cancer screening recommendations in the guidelines should be expanded to ensure early diagnosis.

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Data availability

All data is kept in the computers of corresponding author (ETD).

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Author contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by E.T.D., B.D. Endocrinologic data interpretation was performed by A.A., E.T.D., B.D. and R.C. The first draft of the manuscript was written by E.T.D. and edited by A.A. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsun, Turkey

    Elif Tutku Durmuş, Ayşegül Atmaca, Ramis Çolak & Buğra Durmuş

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  1. Elif Tutku Durmuş
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  2. Ayşegül Atmaca
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Correspondence to Elif Tutku Durmuş.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Medical Ethics Committe (IRB No: OMU KAEK 2019/884).

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Informed consent was not required due to the retrospective design of the study.

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Durmuş, E.T., Atmaca, A., Çolak, R. et al. Cancer prevalence and cancer screening in patients with acromegaly: a single center experience. Endocrine 77, 363–371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03082-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03082-z

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