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Effect of high dose vitamin D supplementation on indices of sarcopenia and obesity assessed by DXA among older adults: A randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Background

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with Sarcopenic Obesity (SO), but evidence from randomized Vitamin D 3 (VD3) trials is scarce.

Objective

Compare the effect of VD3 supplementation, at two doses, on SO indices at 12 months.

Methods

Overweight older adults (>65 years) with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) of 10–30 ng/mL were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial (clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT01315366). All subjects received 1000 mg calcium citrate/day and underwent total body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry for body composition assessment. Low Dose Group (LDG) and High Dose Group (HDG) received 600 IU -Institute of Medicine (IOM) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- and 3750 IU VD3/day, respectively.

Results

Mean age was 71 ± 4.6 years, 55% females, BMI: 30.2 ± 4.5 Kg/m2, and 43% had metabolic syndrome. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups. At 12 months, 248 participants had body composition data, 122 in LDG and 126 in HDG. Proportions of patients with diminished muscle mass, muscle strength, and visceral adiposity did not differ between the 2 groups at baseline or 12 months. Similarly, no significant differences were noted in the proportion of patients with SO at study entry (1.8% in LDG vs 1.6% HDG; p = 0.99) and at 12 months (3.7% in LDG vs. 0.9% HDG; p = 0.18) across arms.

Conclusions

Weekly VD3, at the daily equivalent of 3750 IU/day, did not improve indices of sarcopenia nor adiposity compared to the IOM RDA dose in adults.

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Fig. 1: CONSORT Flow Diagram presenting recruitment status from prescreening to study completion.

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Acknowledgements

The research team would like to acknowledge the study subjects and medical centers staff who contributed to recruitment, and Asma Arabi, Rafic Baddoura, Maha Hoteit, and Ravinder Singh, who facilitated subject recruitment, the conduct of the main trial, and made the current project and analyses possible.

Author contributions

G.E.H.F., J.J., M.R., and Z.R.M. contributed to the project conception, development of overall research plan, and study oversight: authors G.E.H.F., J.J., M.R., and Z.R.M. contributed to data collection cleaning and analyses, authors G.E.H.F., J.J., M.R., and Z.R.M. wrote the paper and authors G.E.H.F. and J.J. critically revised the paper. All authors reviewed and approved the final submitted version of the paper.

Funding

This trial was supported by grants from the American University of Beirut AUB, St Joseph University, and the Lebanese Council for National Scientific Research. Assays performed outside AUB were made in part possible thanks to institutional grants from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, and Odense University, Odense, Denmark. Research reported in this publication was in part supported by the Fogarty International Center and Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43 TW009118; PI GEl-HF. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Financial disclosure: None declared

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon

    Jana Jabbour

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

    Maya Rahme & Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan

  3. Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    Ziyad R. Mahfoud

  4. Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Ziyad R. Mahfoud

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  1. Jana Jabbour
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Correspondence to Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan.

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Jabbour, J., Rahme, M., Mahfoud, Z.R. et al. Effect of high dose vitamin D supplementation on indices of sarcopenia and obesity assessed by DXA among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Endocrine 76, 162–171 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02951-3

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