Skip to main content

The treatment of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women with prolactin-secreting microadenomas: Cons

Endocrine volume 48, pages 79–82 (2015)Cite this article

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. M. Kars, P.C. Souverein, R.M. Herings, J.A. Romijn, J.P. Vandenbroucke, A. de Boer, O.M. Dekkers, Estimated age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence of dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94(8), 2729–2734 (2009). doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. D. Seriwatanachai, N. Krishnamra, J.P. van Leeuwen, Evidence for direct effects of prolactin on human osteoblasts: inhibition of cell growth and mineralization. J. Cell. Biochem. 107(4), 677–685 (2009). doi:10.1002/jcb.22161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Klibanski, B.M. Biller, D.I. Rosenthal, D.A. Schoenfeld, V. Saxe, Effects of prolactin and estrogen deficiency in amenorrheic bone loss. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67(1), 124–130 (1988). doi:10.1210/jcem-67-1-124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Couzinet, G. Meduri, M.G. Lecce, J. Young, S. Brailly, H. Loosfelt, E. Milgrom, G. Schaison, The postmenopausal ovary is not a major androgen-producing gland. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86(10), 5060–5066 (2001). doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7900

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. H.L. Judd, G.E. Judd, W.E. Lucas, S.S. Yen, Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary: concentration of androgens and estrogens in ovarian and peripheral vein blood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 39(6), 1020–1024 (1974). doi:10.1210/jcem-39-6-1020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. D.R. Meldrum, B.J. Davidson, I.V. Tataryn, H.L. Judd, Changes in circulating steroids with aging in postmenopausal women. Obstet. Gynecol. 57(5), 624–628 (1981)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. N. Ben-Jonathan, C.R. LaPensee, E.W. LaPensee, What can we learn from rodents about prolactin in humans? Endocr. Rev. 29(1), 1–41 (2008). doi:10.1210/er.2007-0017

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. M.J. Tanner, N.C. Hadlow, R. Wardrop, Variation of female prolactin levels with menopausal status and phase of menstrual cycle. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 51(4), 321–324 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01321.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Katznelson, P.N. Riskind, V.C. Saxe, A. Klibanski, Prolactin pulsatile characteristics in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83(3), 761–764 (1998). doi:10.1210/jcem.83.3.4675

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Kalleinen, P. Polo-Kantola, K. Irjala, T. Porkka-Heiskanen, T. Vahlberg, A. Virkki, O. Polo, 24-hour serum levels of growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol in pre- and postmenopausal women: the effect of combined estrogen and progestin treatment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93(5), 1655–1661 (2008). doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Karunakaran, R.C. Page, J.A. Wass, The effect of the menopause on prolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Clin. Endocrinol. 54(3), 295–300 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P. Touraine, J.F. Martini, B. Zafrani, J.C. Durand, F. Labaille, C. Malet, A. Nicolas, C. Trivin, M.C. Postel-Vinay, F. Kuttenn, P.A. Kelly, Increased expression of prolactin receptor gene assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in human breast tumors versus normal breast tissues. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83(2), 667–674 (1998). doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Corenblum, L. Donovan, The safety of physiological estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy and with oral contraceptive therapy in women with pathological hyperprolactinemia. Fertil. Steril. 59(3), 671–673 (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Testa, W. Vegetti, T. Motta, F. Alagna, D. Bianchedi, C. Carlucci, M. Bianchi, F. Parazzini, P.G. Crosignani, Two-year treatment with oral contraceptives in hyperprolactinemic patients. Contraception 58(2), 69–73 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. U.M. Fahy, P.A. Foster, H.W. Torode, M. Hartog, M.G. Hull, The effect of combined estrogen/progestogen treatment in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 6(3), 183–188 (1992)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. C.M. March, O.A. Kletzky, V. Davajan, J. Teal, M. Weiss, M.L. Apuzzo, R.P. Marrs, D.R. Mishell Jr, Longitudinal evaluation of patients with untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 139(7), 835–844 (1981)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Schlechte, K. Dolan, B. Sherman, F. Chapler, A. Luciano, The natural history of untreated hyperprolactinemia: a prospective analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68(2), 412–418 (1989). doi:10.1210/jcem-68-2-412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. M.H. Weiss, J. Teal, P. Gott, R. Wycoff, R. Yadley, M.L. Apuzzo, S.L. Giannotta, O. Kletzky, C. March, Natural history of microprolactinomas: six-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 12(2), 180–183 (1983)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. D.A. Sisam, J.P. Sheehan, L.R. Sheeler, The natural history of untreated microprolactinomas. Fertil. Steril. 48(1), 67–71 (1987)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. N. Karavitaki, R. Dobrescu, J.V. Byrne, A.B. Grossman, J.A. Wass, Does hypopituitarism recover when macroprolactinomas are treated with cabergoline? Clin. Endocrinol. 79(2), 217–223 (2013). doi:10.1111/cen.12124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Colao, A. Di Sarno, E. Guerra, R. Pivonello, P. Cappabianca, F. Caranci, A. Elefante, L.M. Cavallo, F. Briganti, S. Cirillo, G. Lombardi, Predictors of remission of hyperprolactinaemia after long-term withdrawal of cabergoline therapy. Clin. Endocrinol. 67(3), 426–433 (2007). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02905.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Kharlip, R. Salvatori, G. Yenokyan, G.S. Wand, Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of long-term cabergoline therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94(7), 2428–2436 (2009). doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2103

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. O.M. Dekkers, J. Lagro, P. Burman, J.O. Jorgensen, J.A. Romijn, A.M. Pereira, Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(1), 43–51 (2010). doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Webster, G. Piscitelli, A. Polli, C.I. Ferrari, I. Ismail, M.F. Scanlon, A comparison of cabergoline and bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Cabergoline Comparative Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 904–909 (1994). doi:10.1056/NEJM199410063311403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. R. Schade, F. Andersohn, S. Suissa, W. Haverkamp, E. Garbe, Dopamine agonists and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation. N. Engl. J. Med. 356(1), 29–38 (2007). doi:10.1056/NEJMoa062222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Valassi, A. Klibanski, B.M. Biller, Clinical review#: potential cardiac valve effects of dopamine agonists in hyperprolactinemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(3), 1025–1033 (2010). doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. G. Trifiro, M.M. Mokhles, J.P. Dieleman, E.M. van Soest, K. Verhamme, G. Mazzaglia, R. Herings, C. de Luise, D. Ross, G. Brusselle, A. Colao, W. Haverkamp, R. Schade, G. van Camp, R. Zanettini, M.C. Sturkenboom, Risk of cardiac valve regurgitation with dopamine agonist use in Parkinson’s disease and hyperprolactinaemia: a multi-country, nested case–control study. Drug Saf. 35(2), 159–171 (2012). doi:10.2165/11594940-000000000-00000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. R.S. Auriemma, R. Pivonello, Y. Perone, L.F. Grasso, L. Ferreri, C. Simeoli, D. Iacuaniello, M. Gasperi, A. Colao, Safety of long-term treatment with cabergoline on cardiac valve disease in patients with prolactinomas. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 169(3), 359–366 (2013). doi:10.1530/EJE-13-0231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. S.S. Tworoger, P. Sluss, S.E. Hankinson, Association between plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of breast cancer among predominately premenopausal women. Cancer Res. 66(4), 2476–2482 (2006). doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. S.S. Tworoger, A.H. Eliassen, P. Sluss, S.E. Hankinson, A prospective study of plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(12), 1482–1488 (2007). doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.07.6356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. S.S. Tworoger, A.H. Eliassen, B. Rosner, P. Sluss, S.E. Hankinson, Plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res. 64(18), 6814–6819 (2004). doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1870

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. S.S. Tworoger, A.H. Eliassen, X. Zhang, J. Qian, P.M. Sluss, B.A. Rosner, S.E. Hankinson, A 20-year prospective study of plasma prolactin as a risk marker of breast cancer development. Cancer Res. 73(15), 4810–4819 (2013). doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0665

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Roelfsema, H. Pijl, D.M. Keenan, J.D. Veldhuis, Prolactin secretion in healthy adults is determined by gender, age and body mass index. PLoS One 7(2), e31305 (2012). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031305

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. S.E. Hankinson, J.E. Manson, D. Spiegelman, W.C. Willett, C. Longcope, F.E. Speizer, Reproducibility of plasma hormone levels in postmenopausal women over a 2–3-year period. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 4(6), 649–654 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. S.A. Missmer, D. Spiegelman, E.R. Bertone-Johnson, R.L. Barbieri, M.N. Pollak, S.E. Hankinson, Reproducibility of plasma steroid hormones, prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor levels among premenopausal women over a 2- to 3-year period. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15(5), 972–978 (2006). doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0848

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Berinder, O. Akre, F. Granath, A.L. Hulting, Cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients: a population-based cohort study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165(2), 209–215 (2011). doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0076

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. O.M. Dekkers, J.A. Romijn, A. de Boer, J.P. Vandenbroucke, The risk for breast cancer is not evidently increased in women with hyperprolactinemia. Pituitary 13(3), 195–198 (2010). doi:10.1007/s11102-009-0214-y

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. J.S. Damiano, K.G. Rendahl, C. Karim, M.G. Embry, M. Ghoddusi, J. Holash, A. Fanidi, T.J. Abrams, J.A. Abraham, Neutralization of prolactin receptor function by monoclonal antibody LFA102, a novel potential therapeutic for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12(3), 295–305 (2013). doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. I. Fernandez, P. Touraine, V. Goffin, Prolactin and human tumourogenesis. J. Neuroendocrinol. 22(7), 771–777 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02011.x

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. S.J. Nyante, J.M. Faupel-Badger, M.E. Sherman, R.M. Pfeiffer, M.M. Gaudet, R.T. Falk, A.A. Andaya, J. Lissowska, L.A. Brinton, B. Peplonska, B.K. Vonderhaar, S. Chanock, M. Garcia-Closas, J.D. Figueroa, Genetic variation in PRL and PRLR, and relationships with serum prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: results from a population-based case–control study in Poland. Breast Cancer Res. 13(2), R42 (2011). doi:10.1186/bcr2864

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. H. Wallaschofski, M. Donne, M. Eigenthaler, B. Hentschel, R. Faber, H. Stepan, M. Koksch, T. Lohmann, PRL as a novel potent cofactor for platelet aggregation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86(12), 5912–5919 (2001). doi:10.1210/jcem.86.12.8085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. A.Q. Reuwer, R. Nieuwland, I. Fernandez, V. Goffin, C.M. van Tiel, M.C. Schaap, R.J. Berckmans, J.J. Kastelein, M.T. Twickler, Prolactin does not affect human platelet aggregation or secretion. Thromb. Haemost. 101(6), 1119–1127 (2009)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Wahlberg, L. Tillmar, B. Ekman, T.L. Lindahl, E. Landberg, Effects of prolactin on platelet activation and blood clotting. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 73(3), 221–228 (2013). doi:10.3109/00365513.2013.765963

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. S.Y. Mon, A. Alkabbani, A. Hamrahian, J.N. Thorton, L. Kennedy, R. Weil, L. Olansky, K. Doshi, V. Makin, B. Hatipoglu, Risk of thromboembolic events in patients with prolactinomas compared with patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 16(4), 523–527 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11102-012-0450-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. B. van Zaane, A. Squizzato, A.Q. Reuwer, A.P. van Zanten, M.T. Twickler, O.M. Dekkers, S.C. Cannegieter, H.R. Buller, V.E. Gerdes, D.P. Brandjes, Prolactin and venous thrombosis: indications for a novel risk factor? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 31(3), 672–677 (2011). doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.209569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Ciresi, M.C. Amato, V. Guarnotta, F. Lo Castro, C. Giordano, Higher doses of cabergoline further improve metabolic parameters in patients with prolactinoma regardless of the degree of reduction in prolactin levels. Clin. Endocrinol. (2013). doi:10.1111/cen.12204

    Google Scholar 

  47. A.Q. Reuwer, M.T. Twickler, B.A. Hutten, F.W. Molema, N.J. Wareham, G.M. Dallinga-Thie, R.L. Bogorad, V. Goffin, M. Smink-Bol, J.J. Kastelein, S.M. Boekholdt, K.T. Khaw, Prolactin levels and the risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2(4), 389–395 (2009). doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.853572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Shelly, M. Boaz, H. Orbach, Prolactin and autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 11(6–7), A465–A470 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.11.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. N.D. Horseman, K.A. Gregerson, Prolactin actions. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 52(1), R95–R106 (2014). doi:10.1530/JME-13-0220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. S. Melmed, F.F. Casanueva, A.R. Hoffman, D.L. Kleinberg, V.M. Montori, J.A. Schlechte, J.A. Wass, S. Endocrine, Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(2), 273–288 (2011). doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1692

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors have nothing to declare.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. BUL 457, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Alexander T. Faje & Anne Klibanski

Authors
  1. Alexander T. Faje
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anne Klibanski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne Klibanski.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Faje, A.T., Klibanski, A. The treatment of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women with prolactin-secreting microadenomas: Cons. Endocrine 48, 79–82 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0308-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0308-9

Keywords

  • Postmenopausal Woman
  • Prolactin
  • Dopamine Agonist
  • Prolactin Level
  • Cabergoline