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Diagnostic biomarkers of differentiated thyroid cancer

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Abstract

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing all around the world in the past decades. Early detection is one of the keys to reduce the mortality. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guides the management of patients with a thyroid nodule. The use of FNA can reduce unnecessary thyroid surgery by twenty-five percent. However, the prevalence of non-diagnostic and indeterminate cytology from FNA is still high, approximately thirty percent. Many biomarkers were developed to differentiate between the benign and malignant thyroid nodule. This review summarizes each diagnostic biomarker of differentiated thyroid cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual cytological laboratory need to be considered before implementation of each biomarker. Moreover, follow-up is still mandatory in negative biomarker tests because all genomic and proteomic alterations in thyroid cancer are still unknown.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Navjeet Singh Rehal and Kimberly Windsor for the English editing of the manuscript.

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  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand

    Tada Kunavisarut

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Kunavisarut, T. Diagnostic biomarkers of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine 44, 616–622 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-9974-2

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