Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are both common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland (AITD). The IL-4 is involved in both humoral and cellular immunity. The aim of this study was to test whether the IL-4 gene could be used as a genetic marker to predict the development of AITD amongst the Chinese population of Taiwan. For this study, a normal control group of 105 healthy subjects and two experimental groups featuring individuals afflicted with either GD (104 patients) or HT (109 patients) were examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) polymorphism for the IL-4 gene intron 3 and PCR-based restriction analysis using endonuclease BsmFI was undertaken for the same gene at the promoter −590 position. We found no significant difference in the frequencies of presence of genotype and allelic variants for the IL-4 gene at both the intron 3 and the promoter regions between the normal control group and each of the two patient groups. These findings suggest that the IL-4 gene polymorphisms that arise at either intron 3 or promoter −590 positions are not suitable genetic markers for AITD among Taiwanese Chinese.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.B. Woolner, W.M. McConahey, O.H. Beahrs, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 19, 53–83 (1959)
A. Martin, T.F. Davies, Thyroid 2, 247–261 (1992)
V.A. LiVolsi, in Werner and Ingbar’s the Thyroid. (ed.) by L.E. Breverman, R.D. Utiger (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000)
P.R. Larsen, N.M. Alexander, I.J. Chopra, I.D. Hay, J.M. Hershman, M.M. Kaplan, C.N. Mariash, J.T. Nicoloff, J.H. Oppenheimer, D.H. Solomon, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 111, 1141–1145 (1987)
L. Chiovato, P. Bassi, F. Santini, C. Mammoli, P. Lapi, P. Carayon, A. Pinchera, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77, 1700–1705 (1993)
T. Kotani, Y. Aratake, K. Hirai, Y. Fukazawa, H. Sato, S. Ohtaki, Autoimmunity 20, 231–236 (1995)
G.F. Bottazzo, R. Pujol-Borrell T. Hanafusa, M. Feldmann, Lancet 2, 1115–1119 (1983)
W.E. Paul, Blood 77, 1859–1870 (1991)
M. Howard, J. Farrar, M. Filfiker, B. Johnson, K. Takatsu, T. Hamaoka, W.E. Paul, J. Exp. Med. 155, 914–923 (1982)
T. Defrance, B. Vanbervliet, J.P. Aubry, Y. Takebe, N. Arai, A. Miyajima, T. Yokota, F. Lee, K. Arai, J.E. de Vries J. Banchereau, J. Immunol. 139, 1135–1141 (1987)
R.I. Tepper, D.A. Levinson, B.Z. Stanger, J. Campos-Torres, A.K. Abbas, P. Leder, Cell 62, 457–467 (1990)
M.B. Widmer, K.H. Grabstein, Nature 326, 795–798 (1987)
G. Trenn, H. Takayama, J. Hu-Li, W.E. Paul, M.V. Sitkovsky, J. Immunol. 140, 1101–1106 (1988)
A.P. Weetman, Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 36, 307–323 (1992)
T. Yanagawa, M. Taniyama, S. Enomoto, K. Gomi, H. Maruyama, Y. Ban, T. Saruta, Thyroid 7, 843–846 (1997)
Y. Tomer, T.F. Davies, Endocr. Rev. 24, 694–717 (2003)
P.J. Hunt, S.E. Marshall, A.P. Weetman, J.I. Bell, J.A. Wass, K.I. Welsh, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1984–1988 (2000)
J.M. Heward, R. Nithiyananthan, A. Allahabadia, S. Gibson, J.A. Franklyn, S.C. Gough, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3861–3863 (2001)
M.M. Le Beau, R.S. Lemons, R. Espinosa 3rd, R.A. Larson, N. Arai, J.D. Rowley, Blood 73, 647–650 (1989)
R. Mout, R. Willemze, J.E. Landegent, Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 3763 (1991)
A.J. Walley, W.O. Cookson, J. Med. Genet. 33, 689–692 (1996)
T. Kawashima, E. Noguchi, T. Arinami, K. Yamakawa-Kobayashi, H. Nakagawa, F. Otsuka, H. Hamaguchi, J. Med. Genet. 35, 502–504 (1998)
E. Noguchi, M. Shibasaki, T. Arinami, K. Takeda, Y. Yokouchi, T. Kawashima, H. Yanagi, A. Matsui, H. Hamaguchi, Clin. Exp. Allergy. 28, 449–453 (1998)
A. Cantagrel, F. Navaux, P. Loubet-Lescoulie, F. Nourhashemi, G. Enault, M. Abbal, A. Sonstantin, M. Laroche, B. Mazieres, Arthritis Rheum. 42, 1093–1100 (1999)
K.H. Wu, C.T. Peng, T.C. Li, L. Wan, C.H. Tsai, S.J. Lan, M.C. Chang, F.J. Tsai, Br. J. Haematol. 128, 849–852 (2005)
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by a grant from the China Medical University Hospital (DMR-96-017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, RH., Chang, CT., Wang, TY. et al. Lack of association between interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid diseases amongst Taiwanese Chinese. Endocr 32, 170–174 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-007-9027-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-007-9027-9