Abstract
A new technique, the scleral expansion band procedure, has been developed for the surgical reversal of presbyopia. An understanding of demonstrable clinical effects of the scleral expansion band procedure, based on Schachar's theory, requires a revision of historically held views concerning the mechanism of accommodation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
von Helmholtz H. Ueber die Akommodation des Auges. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1855;1:1–89.
Young T. On the mechanism of the eye, Philos Trans R Soc Lond. 1801;92:23–88.
Tscherning M. Physiological Optics. Philadelphia, Pa: Keystone; 1904:160–189.
Ivanoff A. On the influence of accommodation on spherical aberration in the human eye: an attempt to interpret night myopia. J Opt Soc Am. 1947;37:730–731.
Koomen M, Tousey R, Scolnik R. The spherical aberration of the eye. J Opt Soc Am 1949;39:370–376.
Schachar RA, Anderson DA. The mechanism of ciliary muscle function. Ann Ophthalmol 1995;27:126–132.
van Alphen GWHM, Robinette BS, Marci FJ. Drug effects on ciliary muscle and choroid preparations in vitro. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962;68:111–123.
Gordon AR, Siegman M. Mechanical properties of smooth muscle: I. Length-tension and force velocity relations. Am J Physiol. 1971;15:1243–1249.
Rafferty NS. Structure, function, and pathology. In: Maisel H, ed. The Ocular Lens, New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1985:2–5.
Sakabe I, Oshika T, Lim SJ, Apple DJ. Anterior shift of zonular insertion onto the anterior surface of human crystalline lens with age. Ophthalmology. 1008;105:295–299.
Lim SJ, Shin JK, Kim HB, Kurata Y, Sakabe I, Apple DJ. Analysis of zonular-free zone and lens size in relation to axial length of eye with age. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:390–396.
Coulombe JL, Coulombe AJ. Lens development: IV. Size, shape and orientation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1969;8:251–257.
Marshall J, Bauconsfield M, Rothery S. The anatomy and development of the human lens and zonules. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1982;102:423–440.
Kleinman NJ, Worgul BV. Lens. In: Tasman W, ed. Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1994: chap 15.
Duke-Elder, S, Waybar, KC. Anatomy of the visual system. In: Duke-Elder S, ed. System of Ophthalmology. Vol. 2. London, England: Henry Kimpton; 1962:80–81.
Donders FC. Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye. London. England: New Sydenham Society; 1864:204–215.
Schachar RA. Treatment of presbyopia and other eye disorders. US patent 5,354,331. October 11, 1994; US patent 5,465,737. November 14, 1995; US patent 5,489,299. February 6, 1996; US patent 5,503,165. April 2, 1996; US patent 5,529,076. June 25, 1996; and US patent 5,722,952. March 3,1998. European and other intenational patents pending.
Fukasaku H. Silicone expansion plug implant surgery for presbyopia. Paper presented at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Symposium; May 21, 2000; Boston, Mass.
Schachar RA. Cause and treatment of presbyopia with a method for increasing the amplitude of accommodation. Ann Ophthalmol. 1992;24:445–452.
Schachar RA. Scleral prosthesis for treatment of presbyopia and other eye disorders. US patent 6,007,578. December 28, 1999. European and other international patents pending.
Fincham EF. Mechanism of accommodation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1937;8 (suppl):5–80.
Neider MW, Crawford K, Kaufman PL, Bito LZ. In vivo videography of the rhesus monkey accommodative apparatus: age-related loss of ciliary muscle response to central stimulation. Arch Opthalmol. 1990;108:69–74.
Glasser A, Kaufman PL. The mechanism of accommodation in primates. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:863–872.
Levy NS. Letter to the editor. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:625.
Glasser A, Kaufman PL. Letter to the editor. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:626.
Wilson RS. Does the lens diameter increase or decrease during accommodation? Human accommodation studies: a new technique using infrared retro-illumination video photography and pixel unit measurements. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1997;95:261–270.
Enoch JM, Hope GM. An analysis of retinal orientation: IV. Center of the entrance pupil and the center of convergence of orientation and directional sensitivity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1972;11:1017–1021.
Strenk SA, Semmlow JL, Strenk LM, et al. Age-related changes in human ciliary muscle and lens: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:1162–1169.
Levy NS. Comparing MRIs with movement artifact [electronic letter to the editor]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. February 2, 2000. Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters/40/6/1162#EL3.
Schachar RA, Huang T, Huang X. Mathematic proof of Schachar's hypothesis of accmmodation. Ann Ophthalmol. 1993;25:5–9.
Streeten BW. Zonular apparatus. In: Jakobiec FA, ed. Ocular Anatomy Embryology and Teratology. Philadelphia, Pa: Harper & Row Publishers Inc; 1982:331–353.
Brown N. Shape of lens equator. Exp Eye Res. 1974;19:571–576.
Schachar RA, Cudmore DP. Effect of gravity on amplitude of accommodation. Ann Ophthalmol. 1994;26:65–70.
Vanderploeg JM. Near visual acuity measurements of space shuttle crew members. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1985;57:492.
Schachar RA. Zonular function: a new hypothesis with clinical implications. Ann Ophthalmol. 1994;26:36–38.
Schachar RA. Histology of the ciliary muscle-zonular connections. Ann Ophthalmol. 1996;28:70–79.
Farnsworth PN, Shyne SE. Anterior zonular shifts with age. Exp Eye Res. 1979;28:291–297.
Schachar RA, Tello C, Cudmore DP, et al. In vivo increase of the human lens equatorial diameter during accommodation. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:R670-R676.
Schachar RA. Is Helmholtz's theory of accommodation corrects? Ann Ophthalmol. 1999;31:10–17.
Schachar RA, Cudmore DP, Black TD. A revolutionary variable focus lens. Ann Ophthalmol. 1996;28:11–18.
Schachar RA, Cudmore DP, Black TD, et al. Paradoxical optical power increase of a deformable lens by equatorial stretching. Ann Ophthalmol. 1998;30:10–18.
Schachar RA. The scleral expansion band procedure for the treatment of ocular hypertension and primary open angle glaucoma. Ann Ophthalmol. 2000;32:87–89.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article was published in the Winter 2000 issue of Annals of Ophthalmology
About this article
Cite this article
Schachar, R.A. Theoretical basis for the scleral expansion band procedure for surgical reversal of presbyopia [SRP]. Compr Ther 27, 39–46 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12019-001-0006-4
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12019-001-0006-4