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Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Polarity in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease

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Abstract

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and affects diverse segments of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Although the underlying causes of CD are not completely known, it is believed that disruption of the intestinal barrier and cell polarity may contribute to pathogenesis. The formation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which is mainly regulated by cytoskeletal modulations, and apico-basal cell polarity are two major and mutually dependent features of the intestinal epithelial layer. As this layer serves as an important barrier between the external environment and the internal milieu, the defect can start an inflammatory cascade by failing to block the entrance of luminal pathogens and lead to CD. In this review, we highlight the factors and impact of intestinal barrier function and cell polarity in the natural history of CD. The discussion in the present review further strengthens the new challenge in facilitating the development of viable pharmacological targets.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81770545) and MDT Project of Clinical Research Innovation Foundation, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University (PYI-17-003).

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China

    Chengcen Guo & Jun Shen

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CG collected the data and drafted the article; JS provided the idea, revised it critically for intellectual content, and supported the funding.

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Guo, C., Shen, J. Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Polarity in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 60, 164–174 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08795-5

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