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Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling Pathways

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Abstract

The main aim of oncologists worldwide is to understand and then intervene in the primary tumor initiation and propagation mechanisms. This is essential to allow targeted elimination of cancer cells without altering normal mitotic cells. Currently, there are two main rival theories describing the process of tumorigenesis. According to the Stochastic Model, potentially any cell, once defunct, is capable of initiating carcinogenesis. Alternatively the Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Model posits that only a small fraction of undifferentiated tumor cells are capable of triggering carcinogenesis. Like healthy stem cells, CSCs are also characterized by a capacity for self-renewal and the ability to generate differentiated progeny, possibly mediating treatment resistance, thus leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, molecular signaling profiles are similar between CSCs and normal stem cells, including Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog pathways. Therefore, development of novel chemotherapeutic agents and proteins (e.g., enzymes and antibodies) specifically targeting CSCs are attractive pharmaceutical candidates. This article describes small molecule inhibitors of stem cell pathways Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog, and their recent chemotherapy clinical trials.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful for financial support provided through the grant “Analysis of gene expression for different stages of colorectal cancer” (‘Programme-targeted funding 2014–2017’; Government of Republic of Kazakhstan).

Author Contributions

All authors equally contributed to the design, literature analysis and writing of the manuscript.

Disclosure of Interest

The authors have no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Life Sciences Technologies, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Unit 9, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

    Danysh Abetov, Zhanar Mustapova & Timur Saliev

  2. School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Unit 9, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

    Denis Bulanin

  3. Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

    Kanat Batyrbekov

  4. School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Unit 7, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

    Charles P. Gilman

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  1. Danysh Abetov
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Correspondence to Timur Saliev.

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Abetov, D., Mustapova, Z., Saliev, T. et al. Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling Pathways. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 11, 909–918 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-015-9612-x

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