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Immune Features of Tumor Microenvironment: A Genetic Spotlight

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Abstract

A tumor represents a highly intricate tissue entity, characterized by an exceptionally complex microenvironment that starkly contrasts with the typical physiological surroundings of healthy tissues. Within this tumor microenvironment (TME), every component and factor assume paramount importance in the progression of malignancy and exerts a pivotal influence on a patient’s clinical outcome. One of the remarkable aspects of the TME is its remarkable heterogeneity, not only across different types of cancers but even within the same histological category of tumors. In-depth research has illuminated the intricate interplay between specific immune cells and molecules and the dynamic characteristics of the TME. Recent investigations have yielded compelling evidence that several mutations harbored by tumor cells possess the capacity to instigate substantial alterations in the TME. These mutations, often acting as drivers of tumorigenesis, can orchestrate a cascade of events that remodel the TME, thereby influencing crucial aspects of cancer behavior, including its invasiveness, immune evasion, and response to therapies. It is within this nuanced context that the present study endeavors to provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of how specific mutations, within the genetic landscape of cancer cells, can instigate profound changes in TME features. By elucidating the intricate relationship between genetic mutations and the TME, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cancer biology. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study holds the potential to inform the development of more targeted and effective treatments, thereby offering new hope to patients grappling with the complexities of cancer.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

TAMs:

Tumor-associated macrophages

TILs:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4

CIMP:

CpG island methylator phenotype

2-HG:

2-hydroxygluratate

HGSC:

High-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer

FTE:

Fallopian tube epithelium

g-MDSC:

Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells

m-MDSC:

Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells

NSCLC:

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma

CNAs:

Copy number abnormalities

HIF1:

Hypoxia-responsive factor

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

LGGs:

Lower-grade glioma

SDC2:

Syndecan-2

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

HS:

Heparin sulfate

FGL1:

Fibrinogen-like protein 1

SCCE:

Small Cell carcinoma of the esophagus

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

RCC:

Renal cell carcinoma

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

MDSCs:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

MCT1:

Monocarboxylate transporter 1

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Funding

This study was funded by Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Milad Asadi, Venus Zafari & Ayse Caner

  2. Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Habib Zarredar & Zahra Soleimani

  3. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hossein Saeedi

  4. The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Ayse Caner

  5. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Dariush Shanehbandi

  6. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

    Dariush Shanehbandi

Authors
  1. Milad Asadi
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  2. Habib Zarredar
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  3. Venus Zafari
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  4. Zahra Soleimani
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  5. Hossein Saeedi
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  6. Ayse Caner
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  7. Dariush Shanehbandi
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Contributions

Study Design: A.C., D.S.; Data Collection: M.A., H.Z.; Statistical Analysis: M.A., V.Z.; Data Interpretation: H.Z., Z.S.; Manuscript Preparation: Z.S., H.S.; Literature Search: A.C., D.S.

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Correspondence to Ayse Caner or Dariush Shanehbandi.

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Asadi, M., Zarredar, H., Zafari, V. et al. Immune Features of Tumor Microenvironment: A Genetic Spotlight. Cell Biochem Biophys 82, 107–118 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-023-01192-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-023-01192-7

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