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Guard of Delinquency? A Role of Microglia in Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases of the CNS

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics volume 70, pages 1–8 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Activation of microglia and inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Studies demonstrate complex functions of activated microglia that can lead to either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, depending on the form and the timing of activation. Combined with genetic and environmental factors, overactivation and dysregulation of microglia cause progressive neurotoxic consequences which involve a vicious cycle of neuron injury and unregulated neuroinflammation. Thus, modulation of microglial activation appears to be a promising new therapeutic target. While current therapies do attempt to block activation of microglia, they indiscriminately inhibit inflammation thus also curbing beneficial effects of inflammation and delaying recovery. Multiple signaling cascades, often cross-talking, are involved in every step of microglial activation. One of the key challenges is to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling cytokine expression and phagocytic activity, as well as cell-specific consequences of dysregulated cytokine expression. Further, a better understanding of how the integration of multiple cytokine signals influences the function or activity of individual microglia remains an important research objective to identify potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention to promote repair.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the China National Natural Science Fund Project No. 812272791.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Third People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

    Weijiang Wu, Hua Lu, Jie Xu, Aihua Zhu & Wenfeng Fang

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

    Junfei Shao

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

    Guozhen Hui

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  1. Weijiang Wu
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  2. Junfei Shao
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  3. Hua Lu
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  4. Jie Xu
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  5. Aihua Zhu
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  6. Wenfeng Fang
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  7. Guozhen Hui
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Correspondence to Junfei Shao or Guozhen Hui.

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Wu, W., Shao, J., Lu, H. et al. Guard of Delinquency? A Role of Microglia in Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases of the CNS. Cell Biochem Biophys 70, 1–8 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-9872-0

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Keywords

  • Microglia
  • Inflammation
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Activation
  • Signaling
  • Pathway