Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are composed by a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of morphologic, functional, and behavioral characteristics. These tumors are generally slow growing and behave in an indolent fashion. However, they have the potential to spread, especially for poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and when they do, they can be very aggressive, with high propensity for distant metastases, and difficult to treat with current modalities. As poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas rarely occur in extrapulmonary sites, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a poorly differentiated duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with diffuse liver and bone metastases as the primary manifestation. Despite receiving a trial of chemotherapeutic regimen, the patient had progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and died of subacute hepatic failure.
References
Kaltsas, G. A., Michael, B. G., & Grossman, A. B. (2004). The diagnosis and medical management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrine Reviews 25, 458–511 (PMID: 15180952. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0014).
Strosberg, J. R., Coppola, D., Klimstra, D. S., Phan, A. T., Kulke, M. H., Wiseman, G. A., & Kvols, L. K. (2010). North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS). The NANETS consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of poorly differentiated (high-grade) extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Pancreas, 39, 799–800 (PMID: 20664477. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181ebb56f).
Yao, J. C., Hassan, M., Phan, A., Dagohoy, C., Leary, C., Mares, J. E., Abdalla, E. K., Fleming, J. B., Vauthey, J. N., Rashid, A., & Evans, D. B. (2008). One hundred years after “carcinoid”: Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35, 825 cases in the United States. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26, 3063–3072. (PMID: 18565894. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.15.4377).
Modlin, I. M., & Sander, A. (1997). An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors. Cancer, 79, 813–829. (PMID: 9024720. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<813::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-2).
Mignon, M. (2000). Natural history of neuroendocrine enteropancreatic tumors. Digestion, 62(Suppl 1), 51–58. (PMID: 10940688. doi:10.1159/000051856).
Oberg, K., Akerström, G., Rindi, G., Jelic, S., & ESMO Guidelines Working Group. (2010). Neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 21(Suppl 5), v223–v227. (PMID 20555086. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq192).
Brenner, B., Tang, L. H., Klimstra, D. S., & Kelsen, D. P. (2004). Small-cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, 2730–2739. (PMID: 15226341. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.09.075).
Ordóñez, N. G. (2000). Value of thyroid transcription factor-1 immunostaining in distinguishing small cell lung carcinomas from other small cell carcinomas. American Journals of Surgical Pathology, 24, 1217–1223. (PMID: 10976695. doi:10.1097/00000478-200009000-00004).
Klöppel, G., Perren, A., & Heitz, P. U. (2004). The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1014, 13–27. (PMID: 15153416 doi:10.1196/annals.1294.002.).
Nassar, H., Albores-Saavedra, J., & Klimstra, D. S. (2005). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 29, 588–594. (PMID: 15832081. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000157974.05397.4f).
Hatzitheoklitos, E., Büchler, M. W., Friess, H., Poch, B., Ebert, M., Mohr, W., Imaizumi, T., & Beger, H. G. (1994). Carcinoid of the ampulla of Vater. Clinical characteristics and morphologic features. Cancer, 73, 1580–1588. (PMID: 8156484. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940315)73:6<1580::AID-CNCR2820730608>3.0.CO;2-0).
Conflict of interest
All authors declare no potential conflicts or competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, T., Ng, K.K., Chiang, H.W. et al. Duodenal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting with Disseminated Liver and Bone Metastases as the Primary Manifestation: Case Report and Literature Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 72, 305–309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0430-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0430-6