Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Timing, Conditions, and Complications of Post-operative Conception and Pregnancy in Female Renal Transplant Recipients

  • Translational Biomedical Research
  • Published:
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the timing, conditions, and complications of post-operative conception and pregnancy among female renal transplant recipients in China. A cohort of 25 female renal transplant recipients who subsequently had successful pregnancies was randomly selected from eight organ transplantation centers in China. In this cohort, there were 38 post-transplant conceptions and 25 live births. The effects of conception and pregnancy on renal function as well as any effects of transplantation on delivery, prematurity, and maternal and infant health were investigated. Out of 38 conceptions after transplantation, seven ended in spontaneous abortion, six in artificial abortion, and 25 in single births, seven of which were premature (28%). The growth and development of all of the infants were normal. All the 25 received artificial (formula) feeding. Six patients had to return to hemodialysis therapy at 1–41 months after conception due to reduced function of the transplanted kidney. It appears best for female renal transplant recipients to wait at least for 2 years post-transplant before pregnancy. We found no significant effect on fetal growth and development. The incidence of premature births among female renal transplant recipients was high which might have an effect on transplant renal function and maternal health. Breast feeding is not considered suitable for these patients and was therefore not studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Guazzelli, C. A., Torloni, M. R., Sanches, T. F., et al. (2008). Contraceptive counseling and use among 197 female kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation, 86, 669–672.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Watnick, S., & Rueda, J. (2008). Reproduction and contraception after kidney transplantation. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 20, 308–312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Estes, C. M., & Westhoff, C. (2007). Contraception for the transplant patient. Seminars in Perinatology, 31, 372–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ghafari, A., & Sanadgol, H. (2008). Pregnancy after renal transplantation: Ten-year single-center experience. Transplantation Proceedings, 40, 251–252.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Areia, A., Galvao, A., Pais, M. S., et al. (2009). Outcome of pregnancy in renal allograft recipients. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 279, 273–277.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hu, Y. M., & Jiang, Z. F. (2002). Applied pediatrics. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Oliveira, L. G., Sass, N., Sato, J. L., et al. (2007). Pregnancy after renal transplantation—a five-yr single-center experience. Clinical Transplantation, 21, 301–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Romero Arauz, J. F., Ayala Mendez, J. A., & Jimenez Solis, G. (2008). Pregnancy in patients with renal transplantation: Maternal and fetal morbidity. Ginecologia y Obstetricia de Mexico, 76, 643–651.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sibanda, N., Briggs, J. D., Davison, J. M., et al. (2007). Pregnancy after organ transplantation: A report from the UK transplant pregnancy registry. Transplantation, 83, 1301–1307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. EBPG. (2002). EBPG Expert Group on Renal Transplantation. European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: Long term management of the transplant recipient. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 17, 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kashanizadeh, N., Nemati, E., Sharifi-Bonab, M., et al. (2007). Impact of pregnancy on the outcome of kidney transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings, 39, 1136–1138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. First, M. R., Combs, C. A., Weiskittel, P., et al. (1995). Lack of effect of pregnancy on renal allograft survival or function. Transplantation, 59, 472–476.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gorgulu, N., Yelken, B., & Caliskan, Y. (2010). Does pregnancy increase graft loss in female renal allograft recipients? Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 14, 244–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lindheimer, M. D., Davison, J. M., & Katz, A. I. (2001). The kidney and hypertension in pregnancy: Twenty exciting years. Seminars in Nephrology, 21, 173–189.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Salmela, K. T., Kyllonen, L. E., Holmberg, C., et al. (1993). Impaired renal function after pregnancy in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation, 56, 1372–1375.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Petri, M. (2003). Immunosuppressive drug use in pregnancy. Autoimmunity, 36, 51–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Armenti, V. T., Radomski, J. S., Moritz, M. J., et al. (2004). Report from the National Transplantation Pregnancy Registry (NTPR): Outcomes of pregnancy after transplantation. Clinical Transplantation, 18, 103–114.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rizzoni, G., Ehrich, J. H., Broyer, M., et al. (1992). Successful pregnancies in women on renal replacement therapy: Report from the EDTA Registry. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 7, 279–287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Picaud, J. C., Audra, P., Putet, G., et al. (1991). Infants born to kidney transplant recipients. Archives Francaises de Pediatrie, 48, 323–327.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Renal Transplantation, Jiulisong Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China

    Long-gen Xu

  2. Institute of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China

    Shu Han

  3. Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China

    Yong Liu

  4. Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China

    Hong-wei Wang

  5. Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China

    Yi-rong Yang

  6. Department of Transplantation, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200001, China

    Feng Qiu

  7. Department of Urology, Zhengzhou 153 Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450007, China

    Wan-ling Peng

  8. Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Li-gong Tang

Authors
  1. Long-gen Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shu Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yong Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hong-wei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yi-rong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Feng Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Wan-ling Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Li-gong Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Long-gen Xu.

Additional information

Long-gen Xu and Shu Han have equally contributed to this study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xu, Lg., Han, S., Liu, Y. et al. Timing, Conditions, and Complications of Post-operative Conception and Pregnancy in Female Renal Transplant Recipients. Cell Biochem Biophys 61, 421–426 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-011-9205-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-011-9205-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation