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Simultaneous Exposure to Noise and Toluene Induces Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage in the Heart of Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract

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Abstract

Workers in occupational settings often face simultaneous exposure to multiple risk factors, including noise and chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to noise and toluene on the cardiac health of rats, with a focus on assessing the potential mitigating effects of Olea europaea L. (OLE) leaf extract (40 mg/kg/day). The evaluation involved scrutinizing biochemical and hematological markers, quantifying oxidative stress levels, determining proinflammatory cytokines in the serum, and conducting an in silico Docking studies. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups-(n = 6/group):-Control-group-(C),-OLE-group-(Rats administered OLE), NT-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene), NT-4 group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene four weeks after the exposure period), NT + OLE1-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for one week), NT + OLE2-group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for two weeks), NT + OLE3-group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for three weeks), and NT + OLE4-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for four weeks). The results revealed that combined exposure to noise and toluene led to oxidative damage and increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. However, OLE treatment attenuated these effects by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Additionally, OLE treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels compared to the noise and toluene co-exposed group. The study highlighted the potential of OLE to attenuate the adverse effects of combined exposure to noise and toluene, attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge support from the quality control laboratory of the Herbs of Tunisia Company in El Mansoura, Siliana, and Dr. Sana BAHRI, for providing the Olea europaea L. leaf extract. We are grateful to the Department of Pathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. We would also like to acknowledge the support and cooperation of the experimental medicine unit’s team of the Faculty of Medicine of Tunis in carrying out this work.

Funding

This work was funded by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia

    Takoua Ben Attia, Afef Nahdi, Ridha Ben Ali, Michèle Véronique Elmay & Abada Mhamdi

  2. Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Mabrouk Horchani & Hichem Ben Jannet

  3. Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

    Ridha Ben Ali & Michèle Véronique Elmay

  4. Research Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of the Child (LR18SP04), Department of Clinical Biology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology at Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia

    Said Galai

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  1. Takoua Ben Attia
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Contributions

TBA: Conception, Methodology, writing—original draft, AN: reagents, technicians, and laboratory support, HM: in silico study, RBA: Planning of experiments, SG: Methodology, HBJ: in silico study, MVE: Supervision, review the draft, AM: Resources, Project administration, review the draft.

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Correspondence to Takoua Ben Attia.

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Ben Attia, T., Nahdi, A., Horchani, M. et al. Simultaneous Exposure to Noise and Toluene Induces Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage in the Heart of Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract. Cardiovasc Toxicol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-024-09867-0

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