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Higher Magnesium Depletion Score Increases the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertension Participants

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Abstract

The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is a novel index utilized for evaluating body magnesium status. The present study intended to explore the association of MDS with mortality among hypertension (HTN) participants. In this cohort study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering the years 2003 to 2018. MDS levels were categorized into three groups (lower: MDS = 0–1; middle: MDS = 2; higher: MDS = 3–5). Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to illustrate survival differences between groups with varying MDS levels. The relationship between MDS and mortality was assessed through weighted multivariate Cox regression models. Subgroup analyses, along with sensitivity analyses, were also conducted to further explore and validate the findings. This study encompassed 12,485 participants, recording 2537 all-cause deaths and 707 cardiovascular deaths. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the higher MDS group had the highest rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death. (P < 0.001). Controlling for all confounding variables, participants belonging to the higher MDS group demonstrated a substantially elevated risk of mortality in comparison to the lower MDS group (all-cause mortality: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.54; cardiovascular mortality: HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.19–2.22). There were no interaction factors found in subgroup analyses that affected the relationship between MDS and mortality, except for cardiovascular disease. The findings were confirmed to be robust through further sensitivity analyses. Higher MDS levels independently predict an elevated risk of mortality among US adults with HTN. Therefore, MDS may serve as a cost-effective and widely available prognostic marker for HTN.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the participants of the NHANES databases.

Funding

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi (grant no.20202BABL206023) and the Commission science and technology plan project of Jiangxi Provincial Health (grant no. 202410186).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jingjing Song and Yujun Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Management Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China

    Jingjing Song, Yujun Zhang, Jiazhen Tang & Fang Liu

  2. School of Ophthalmology, Optometry of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China

    Jingjing Song

  3. Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China

    Yujun Zhang

  4. Taihe County People’s Hospital, TaiHe, JiAn, Jiangxi, 343700, China

    ZhiGen Lin

  5. Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China

    Xiaorong Yang

  6. Department of Urology Surgery, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, China

    Xiaorong Yang

  7. Department of Urology Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Jing An County, Yichun, Jiangxi, 330600, China

    Xiaorong Yang

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  1. Jingjing Song
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Contributions

FL, XY, and JT conceived and designed the approach; JS, ZL, and YZ analyzed and interpreted the data; YZ and JS drafted the paper. YZ and JS carried out the final edits. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jiazhen Tang, Xiaorong Yang or Fang Liu.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The protocols of NHANES were approved by the institutional review board of the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm). NHANES has obtained written informed consent from all participants.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Song, J., Zhang, Y., Lin, Z. et al. Higher Magnesium Depletion Score Increases the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertension Participants. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04254-w

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