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Hair Heavy Metals and Food Consumption in Residents of Chengdu: Factors, Food Contribution, and Health Risk Assessment

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most pressing issues threatening food security and human health. This study assesses heavy metal (chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel, and lead) exposure via hair metal concentrations in Chengdu residents, reflecting metal intake from food consumption. From June 2020 to February 2021, a sampling survey was conducted on residents’ hair (n=182) and food (n=301) in six main urban areas of Chengdu. The concentrations of heavy metals in hair and food were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the results showed that the residents of Chengdu City had high hair concentrations of Cd (0.17±0.03 mg kg−1) and Zn (293±21.3 mg kg−1). Gender significantly affected the hair Cr, Zn, and Ni concentrations. Based on the survey results obtained from Chengdu City residents, the habits and diet structure are assessed for the influence of six heavy metals in the hair of the residents. Adolescents’ (13–18 years old) hair had significantly higher Pb concentrations than adults (19–59 years old). The concentration of Ni in hair was affected by perming and dyeing habits. For dietary exposure, cereals and meat were the main contributors to the residents’ daily intake of heavy metals. The bioaccessibility of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in food was 2.45–74.67%, 10.6–78.7%, 13.4–82.5%, 8.89–89.2%, 7.70–85.1%, and 15.4–86.2%, respectively. In health risk evaluation based on the bioaccessible fraction of six heavy metals, the hazard quotient of each heavy metal in food was less than 1, indicating no potential non-carcinogenic risk.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. No data was used for the research described in the article.

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Funding

Financial support was provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, China (2022NSFSC0237), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21507095), and Dean’s Research Fund of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (DRF/ICSP-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China

    Hong-Xin Zeng & Zhang Cheng

  2. Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China

    Yu Bon Man & Ming Hung Wong

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Hong-Xin Zeng: writing—original draft. Ming-Hung Wong: review and editing. Yu-Bon Man: methodology, review and editing, funding acquisition. Zhang Cheng: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Zhang Cheng.

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Zeng, HX., Man, Y.B., Wong, M.H. et al. Hair Heavy Metals and Food Consumption in Residents of Chengdu: Factors, Food Contribution, and Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1503–1516 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03785-y

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