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Effects of Dietary Zinc on Growth, Haematological Indices, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Tissue Mineralization, Antioxidant and Immune Status of Fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis

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Abstract

A 12 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc levels on Heteropneustes fossilis. Triplicate groups of fish were fed isoproteic (CP; 400 g/kg) and isocaloric (GE; 17.89 kJ/g) diets increasing levels of zinc (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg) achieved by supplementing zinc sulphate heptahydrate to basal diet. Analysed concentrations of zinc in diets were 10.68, 15.83, 21.34, 26.74, 30.61, 34.91 and 41.34 mg/kg. Growth indices increased linearly (P<0.05) up to 26.74 mg/kg Zn. The protein and ash content of whole body also improved significantly up to 26.74 mg/kg Zn. Whole body fat content showed inverse pattern. Haematological parameters also showed an improving trend with the increase in dietary zinc up to 26.74 mg/kg and then levelled off. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were improved with the increase in dietary zinc level up to 26.74 mg/kg followed by no significant change (P>0.05). Serum lysozyme activity also exhibited the similar pattern. Immune response in terms of the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase was also improved with the increase in dietary zinc levels up to 26.74 mg/kg. Dietary zinc levels affected significantly the whole body as well as vertebrae mineralization. Broken-line regression analysis of weight gain, vertebrae zinc activity, serum superoxide dismutase and protease activity against increasing amounts of dietary zinc revealed that the inclusion of zinc in diet in the range of 26.82–29.84 mg/kg is optimum for growth, haematological indices, antioxidant status, immune response and tissue mineralization in fingerling H. fossilis. The information obtained from present study would be helpful in formulating the zinc-balanced commercial feeds to improve the growth and health status of this important fish, thus contributing to aquaculture production and strengthening the food security.

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Data Availability

All data utilized for this trial and to support the findings are available within the article.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Chairperson, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India for providing necessary laboratory facilities. This work was financially supported by University Grants Commission (grant no F. 53-2/2/2013(CU)).

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  1. Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Noorin Zafar & Mukhtar A. Khan

  2. Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India

    Noorin Zafar & Mukhtar A. Khan

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  1. Noorin Zafar
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Noorin Zafar: Feeding trial; analyses; writing, original draft; funding acquisition

Mukhtar A Khan: Conceptualization, supervision; writing — editing

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Correspondence to Mukhtar A. Khan.

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Zafar, N., Khan, M.A. Effects of Dietary Zinc on Growth, Haematological Indices, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Tissue Mineralization, Antioxidant and Immune Status of Fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1249–1263 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03749-2

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