Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercially Important Food Fish Species from Lower Gangetic Stretch: Food Security and Human Health Risk Assessment

  • Research
  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ganga river is the inhabitant of more than 190 fish species and important river system of India. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the Gangetic riverine ecosystem are a hot environmental issue. A detailed evaluation of PTEs bioaccumulation in Gangetic fishes is required to safeguard human health. The present study investigated the bioaccumulation of PTEs (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, and Mn) within 12 economic fish species (n = 72) collected from the lower Gangetic stretch. The mean concentrations of PTEs followed the order Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Se > Cr > Pb > Co ~ Li > Cd. Li and Se bioaccumulation were studied first time from Gangetic fishes. Results demonstrated that all the selected PTEs were below the maximum permissible limit recommended by reference standards except for Zn in L. catla and L. rohita. For all PTEs, the metal pollution index (MPI), hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were < 1, indicating that these PTEs do not pose a health risk to the public through the dietary intake of fish in this study area. All studied fish were acceptable in terms of carcinogenic risk (CR) from exposure to Cd, Cr, and Pb. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that inter-correlated metals have similar dispersion properties and bioaccumulation homology within the body. This study provides a scientific basis for food safety assessment and continuous monitoring of PTEs in Gangetic fishes is suggested in the future to safeguard human health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Noman MA, Feng W, Zhu G et al (2022) Bioaccumulation and potential human health risks of metals in commercially important fishes and shellfishes from Hangzhou Bay, China. Sci Rep 12:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cai S, Shen Z, Wang Q et al (2023) Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of metals in small-sized fish (Rhodeus sinensis, Ctenogobius giurinus) and mussel (Cristaria plicata) from a river reservoir, Southwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res:1–14

  3. Shorna S, Shawkat S, Hossain A et al (2021) Accumulation of trace metals in indigenous fish species from the Old Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh and human health risk implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 199:3478–3488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ahmed M, Baki MA, Islam M et al (2015) Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in tropical fish and shellfish collected from the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:15880–15890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hoang H-G, Chiang C-F, Lin C et al (2021) Human health risk simulation and assessment of heavy metal contamination in a river affected by industrial activities. Environ Pollut 285:117414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Samanta S, Kumar V, Nag SK et al (2020) Metal contaminations in sediment and associated ecological risk assessment of river Mahanadi, India. Environ Monit Assess 192:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ali MM, Ali ML, Proshad R et al (2020) Heavy metal concentrations in commercially valuable fishes with health hazard inference from Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 26:2646–2662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Shirani M, Afzali KN, Jahan S et al (2020) Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Jazmurian playa in southeast Iran. Sci Rep 10:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zerizghi T, Yang Y, Wang W et al (2020) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in sediment and fish of a shallow lake: a case study of Baiyangdian Lake, North China. Environ Monit Assess 192:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Samanta S, Kumar V, Nag SK et al (2021) Assessment of heavy metal contaminations in water and sediment of River Godavari, India. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage 24:23–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Huang H, Li Y, Zheng X et al (2022) Nutritional value and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in nine commercial fish species from Dachen Fishing Ground, East China Sea. Sci Rep 12:1–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Omar WA, Zaghloul KH, Abdel-Khalek AA, Abo-Hegab S (2013) Risk assessment and toxic effects of metal pollution in two cultured and wild fish species from highly degraded aquatic habitats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65:753–764

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Thomas DG, Brown MW, Shurben D et al (1985) A comparison of the sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the tissues of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) following exposure to the metals singly or in combination. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 82:55–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhat RA, Bakhshalizadeh S, Guerrera MC et al (2023) Toxic effect of heavy metals on ovarian deformities, apoptotic changes, oxidative stress, and steroid hormones in rainbow trout. J Trace Elem Med Biol 75:127106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar N, Krishnani KK, Singh NP (2018) Comparative study of selenium and selenium nanoparticles with reference to acute toxicity, biochemical attributes, and histopathological response in fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:8914–8927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lall SP, Kaushik SJ (2021) Nutrition and metabolism of minerals in fish. Animals 11:2711

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Watanabe T, Kiron V, Satoh S (1997) Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquaculture 151:185–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nasri F, Heydarnejad S, Nematollahi A (2019) Sublethal cobalt toxicity effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Croat J Fish 77:243–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Plum LM, Rink L, Haase H (2010) The essential toxin: impact of zinc on human health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7:1342–1365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar S, Sharma A (2019) Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility. Rev Environ Health 34:327–338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Agarwal S, Zaman T, Murat Tuzcu E, Kapadia SR (2011) Heavy metals and cardiovascular disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. Angiology 62:422–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hyder O, Chung M, Cosgrove D et al (2013) Cadmium exposure and liver disease among US adults. J Gastrointest Surg 17:1265–1273

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Huff J, Lunn RM, Waalkes MP et al (2007) Cadmium-induced cancers in animals and in humans. Int J Occup Environ Health 13:202–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Pirsaheb M, Hadei M, Sharafi K (2021) Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation method for heavy metals of commonly consumed cereals in Iran-Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. J Food Compos Anal 96:103697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kumar N, Chandan NK, Bhushan S et al (2023) Health risk assessment and metal contamination in fish, water and soil sediments in the East Kolkata Wetlands, India, Ramsar site. Sci Rep 13:1546

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Mitra A, Chowdhury R, Banerjee K (2012) Concentrations of some heavy metals in commercially important finfish and shellfish of the River Ganga. Environ Monit Assess 184:2219–2230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Haritash AK, Gaur S, Garg S (2016) Assessment of water quality and suitability analysis of River Ganga in Rishikesh, India. Appl Water Sci 6:383–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Markandya A, Murty MN (2004) Cost–benefit analysis of cleaning the Ganges: some emerging environment and development issues. Environ Dev Econ 9:61–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Khan NN (2009) Eco-toxicological monitoring of river Ganges in western Uttar Pradesh (India). Int J Chem Sci 7:1653–1666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. De TK, De M, Das S et al (2010) Level of heavy metals in some edible marine fishes of mangrove dominated tropical estuarine areas of Hooghly River, North East Coast of Bay of Bengal, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 85:385–390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Swain HS, Bayen S, Ray A et al (2021) Present status, distribution and relative abundance of IUCN Red-listed fish species of River Ganga. Curr Sci 121:709–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gupta A, Rai DK, Pandey RS, Sharma B (2009) Analysis of some heavy metals in the riverine water, sediments and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad. Environ Monit Assess 157:449–458

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. de Andrade PE, Alves JC, dos Santos IS et al (2010) Assessment of trace metals contamination in estuarine sediments using a sequential extraction technique and principal component analysis. Microchem J 96:50–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kumar M, Gupta N, Ratn A et al (2020) Biomonitoring of heavy metals in river ganga water, sediments, plant, and fishes of different trophic levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 193:536–547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Maurya PK, Malik DS (2019) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tissues of selected fish species from Ganga river, India, and risk assessment for human health. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 25:905–923

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tiwari A, Mayank P, Dwivedi AC (2017) Assessment of human health risk via the consumption of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus from the Ganga River, India. Bioved 28:334–341

    Google Scholar 

  37. Usero J, González-Regalado E, Gracia I (1996) Trace metals in the bivalve mollusc Chamelea gallina from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain. Oceanogr Lit Rev 10:1058

    Google Scholar 

  38. Maurya PK, Malik DS, Yadav KK et al (2019) Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal contamination in fish species in River Ganga basin: possible human health risks evaluation. Toxicol Rep 6:472–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Cui L, Ge J, Zhu Y et al (2015) Concentrations, bioaccumulation, and human health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in edible fish from Wuhan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:15866–15879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Nag SK, Saha K, Bandopadhyay S et al (2020) Status of pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fishes of Chilika Lake, India. Environ Monit Assess 192:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Fianko JR, Donkor A, Lowor ST et al (2011) Health risk associated with pesticide contamination of fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana. J Environ Prot 2:115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. USEPA, Risk-based concentration (United States Environmental Protection Agency 2009). (2009) No Title

    Google Scholar 

  43. Raknuzzaman M, Ahmed MK, Islam MS et al (2016) Trace metal contamination in commercial fish and crustaceans collected from coastal area of Bangladesh and health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:17298–17310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. FAO (1989) Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. In: Thirty Seventh Meeting of JECFA; WHO Food Additives Series. Citeseer, p 219

  45. FSSAI (2011) Food safety and standards (contaminants, toxins and residues) regulations, 2011. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India

  46. WHO (1989) Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead and cadmium. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 505. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10655/40985/WHO_TRS_505.pdf

  47. Hernández-Cruz EY, Amador-Martínez I, Aranda-Rivera AK et al (2022) Renal damage induced by cadmium and its possible therapy by mitochondrial transplantation. Chem Biol Interact 361:109961

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Franco-Fuentes E, Moity N, Ramírez-González J et al (2021) Metals in commercial fish in the Galapagos marine reserve: contribution to food security and toxic risk assessment. J Environ Manage 286:112188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ahmed M, Bhowmik AC, Rahman S, Haque M (2010) Heavy metal concentration in water, sediments, freshwater mussels and fishes of the river shitalakhya, Bangladesh. Asian J Water, Environ Pollut 7:77–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Siddiqui E, Pandey J (2019) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and surface sediment and evaluation of ecological risks associated with sediment contamination in the Ganga River: a basin-scale study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:10926–10940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rahman MM, Shehzad MT, Nayak AK et al (2020) Health risks from trace elements in muscles of some commonly available fish in Australia and India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:21000–21012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Peycheva K, Panayotova V, Stancheva R et al (2022) Risk assessment of essential and toxic elements in freshwater fish species from lakes near Black Sea, Bulgaria. Toxics 10:675

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Di Bella G, Bua GD, Fede MR et al (2020) Potentially toxic elements in Xiphias gladius from Mediterranean Sea and risks related to human consumption. Mar Pollut Bull 159:111512

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Dhanakumar S, Solaraj G, Mohanraj R (2015) Heavy metal partitioning in sediments and bioaccumulation in commercial fish species of three major reservoirs of river Cauvery delta region, India. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:145–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Vaseem H, Banerjee TK (2013) Contamination of metals in different tissues of Rohu (Labeo rohita, Cyprinidae) collected from the Indian River Ganga. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 91:36–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Dadar M, Adel M, Nasrollahzadeh Saravi H, Fakhri Y (2017) Trace element concentration and its risk assessment in common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia Bordin, 1904) from southern basin of Caspian Sea. Toxin Rev 36:222–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Ahilan B, Jeyaseelan MJ (2011) Effect of cobalt chloride and vitamin B^ g on the growth and gonadal maturation of goldfish Carassius auratus

  58. Banerjee R, Ragsdale SW (2003) The many faces of vitamin B12: catalysis by cobalamin-dependent Enzymes1. Annu Rev Biochem 72:209–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Yamatani K, Saito K, Ikezawa Y et al (1998) Relative contribution of Ca2+-dependent mechanism in glucagon-induced glucose output from the liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 355:175–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Chakraborty R, Renu K, Eladl MA et al (2022) Mechanism of chromium-induced toxicity in lungs, liver, and kidney and their ameliorative agents. Biomed Pharmacother 151:113119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Parida S, Barik SK, Mohanty B et al (2017) Trace metal concentrations in euryhaline fish species from Chilika lagoon: human health risk assessment. Int J Environ Sci Technol 14:2649–2660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yin J, Wang L, Liu Q et al (2020) Metal concentrations in fish from nine lakes of Anhui Province and the health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:20117–20124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Paul D (2017) Research on heavy metal pollution of river Ganga: a review. Ann Agric Sci 15:278–286

    Google Scholar 

  64. Sivaperumal P, Sankar TV, Nair PGV (2007) Heavy metal concentrations in fish, shellfish and fish products from internal markets of India vis-a-vis international standards. Food Chem 102:612–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mamatha C, Rao LM, Chakravarty MS (2017) Determination of LC50 of copper in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) and Ctenopharyngodon idella (Steindachner, 1866)

  66. Pinto-Vidal FA, Carvalho CD, Abdalla FC et al (2022) Effects of lithium and selenium in the tail muscle of American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) during premetamorphosis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:1975–1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Thibon F, Weppe L, Vigier N et al (2021) Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms. Sci Total Environ 751:141453

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Nabrzyski M, Gajewska R (2002) Content of strontium, lithium and calcium in selected milk products and in some marine smoked fish. Food/Nahrung 46:204–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ji T-T, Jiang X-W, Gou L-F et al (2022) Behaviors of lithium and its isotopes in groundwater with different concentrations of dissolved CO2. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 326:313–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Jiang T, Gao S, Jiang Y et al (2022) Trace metal concentrations in surface water along the Yangtze River in Chongqing, China: urban discharge impacts. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 109:719–726

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Meixner A, Alonso RN, Lucassen F et al (2022) Lithium and Sr isotopic composition of salar deposits in the central Andes across space and time: the Salar de Pozuelos, Argentina. Miner Deposita 57:255–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Skibniewska KA, Guziur J, Marzec Z et al (2009) Nickel in the muscle tissues of freshwater fish from north eastern Poland should not cause human health concerns. Toxicol Environ Chem 91:773–778

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Islam M, Avha NJ, Ahmed S et al (2022) Trace metals and organochlorine pesticide residues in imported fishes in Bangladesh and human health risk implications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:17499–17512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Türkmen M, Türkmen A, Tepe Y et al (2009) Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Food Chem 113:233–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Brix KV, Schlekat CE, Garman ER (2017) The mechanisms of nickel toxicity in aquatic environments: an adverse outcome pathway analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 36:1128–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Tüzen M (2003) Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the middle Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 80:119–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Uluozlu OD, Tuzen M, Mendil D, Soylak M (2007) Trace metal content in nine species of fish from the Black and Aegean Seas, Turkey. Food Chem 104:835–840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Huang Z, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR (2012) The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 16:705–743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Patching SG, Gardiner RHE (1999) Recent developments in selenium metabolism and chemical speciation: a review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 13:193–214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Coyle JJ, Buckler DR, Ingersoll CG et al (1993) Effect of dietary selenium on the reproductive success of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus). Environ Toxicol Chem 12:551–565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Clark RF, Strukle E, Williams SR, Manoguerra AS (1996) Selenium poisoning from a nutritional supplement. Jama 275:1087–1088

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Topcuoğlu S, Kırbaşoğlu Ç, Güngör N (2002) Heavy metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Environ Int 27:521–526

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Dural M, Lugal Göksu MZ, Özak AA, Derici B (2006) Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in different tissues of Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758, Sparus aurata L, 1758 and Mugil cephalus L, 1758 from the Camlik lagoon of the eastern cost of mediterranean (turkey). Environ Monit Assess 118:65–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Aschner JL, Aschner M (2005) Nutritional aspects of manganese homeostasis. Mol Aspects Med 26:353–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Leach RM, Lilburn MS (1978) Manganese metabolism and its function. World Rev Nutr Diet 32:123–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Zhang L, Wang W (2007) Size-dependence of the potential for metal biomagnification in early life stages of marine fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 26:787–794

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Burger J (2002) Food chain differences affect heavy metals in bird eggs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Environ Res 90:33–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Maurya PK, Malik DS, Yadav KK et al (2019) Haematological and histological changes in fish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to pesticides from industrial waste water. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:1251–1278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Bahnasawy M, Khidr AA, Dheina N (2009) Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations in mullet, Mugil cephalus and Liza ramada (Mugilidae) from Lake Manzala, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 13:81–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Fathabad AE, Tajik H, Najafi ML et al (2021) The concentration of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the muscle of fishes collected from Caspian Sea: a health risk assessment study. Food Chem Toxicol 154:112349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Heidary S, Imanpour Namin J, Monsefrad F (2012) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Hg in muscles and liver of the stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in the Caspian Sea and their correlation with growth parameters. Iran J Fish Sci 11:325–337

    Google Scholar 

  92. Akhbarizadeh R, Moore F, Keshavarzi B (2018) Investigating a probable relationship between microplastics and potentially toxic elements in fish muscles from northeast of Persian Gulf. Environ Pollut 232:154–163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Islam MA, Al-Mamun A, Hossain F et al (2017) Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the rivers of Sundarban mangrove forest, Bangladesh. Mar Pollut Bull 124:356–366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kalipci E, Cüce H, Ustaoğlu F et al (2023) Toxicological health risk analysis of hazardous trace elements accumulation in the edible fish species of the Black Sea in Türkiye using multivariate statistical and spatial assessment. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 97:104028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Palash MAU, Islam MS, Bayero AS et al (2020) Evaluation of trace metals concentration and human health implication by indigenous edible fish species consumption from Meghna River in Bangladesh. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 80:103440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Chandrasekaran A, Senthil Kumar CK, Sathish V et al (2021) Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India. Sci Rep 11:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Director, ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore and Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, for the support rendered to analysis in lieu of the experiment. Mr. Roshit C. M., Mr. Lokenath Chakraborty, Mr. Subhadeep Dasgupta, and Mr. Archisman Ray are acknowledged for their help during the study.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sankhajit Roy equally contributed as the corresponding author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India

    Vikas Kumar, Aurobinda Upadhyay, Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke, Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar & Basanta Kumar Das

  2. Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India

    Vikas Kumar & Sankhajit Roy

  3. ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India

    Himanshu Sekhar Swain

Authors
  1. Vikas Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Himanshu Sekhar Swain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aurobinda Upadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sankhajit Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Basanta Kumar Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Vikas Kumar: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing-original draft, review and editing, visualization, supervision, and software; Himanshu Sekhar Swain: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, data curation, review, and editing; Aurobinda Upadhyay: formal analysis, investigation, data curation, review and editing, and software; Mitesh H. Ramteke: formal analysis, review, and editing; Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar: formal analysis, review, and editing Sankhajit Roy: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, data curation, review and editing, visualization, supervision, and project administration; Basanta Kumar Das: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, data curation, review and editing, visualization, supervision, funding acquisition, and project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Basanta Kumar Das.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

No experiment was conducted with live fish samples in this study. Only caught fish by local fishermen were used. The experiment was conducted on dead fish, collected from fishermen; however, the present research was conducted as per the guideline of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(DOCX 13 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, V., Swain, H.S., Upadhyay, A. et al. Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercially Important Food Fish Species from Lower Gangetic Stretch: Food Security and Human Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1235–1248 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03743-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03743-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation