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Association Between Serum Copper Levels and Urinary Incontinence in Adult Men

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Abstract

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major health burden to aging patients. The function of the trace element copper in male UI is unclear. To elaborate on the impact of serum copper levels on UI, we investigated the association between serum copper levels and UI using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional survey of male participants aged 20 years old and older in the United States from 2011 to 2016. We performed weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the association between serum copper levels and UI. Compared with serum copper levels in quartile 1 (Q1), serum copper levels in Q2 and Q3 were associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after adjusting for all potential confounders (Q2, odds ratio [OR] = 0.292, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.093–0.920, P = 0.047; Q3, OR = 0.326, 95% CI = 0.113–0.937, P = 0.049). No significance was found between serum copper levels and other types of UI. Our findings revealed that the serum copper levels were inversely related to SUI in adult males. Race and education level might modulate this relationship. Further studies are warranted for validation.

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Data Availability

Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm).

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Zhang Jing (Shanghai Tongren Hospital) for his work on the NHANES database. His outstanding work, nhanesR package and webpage, makes it easier for us to explore NHANES database.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Guo-Dao Liu, Wei-Guo Wang, Chao Dai, Chun-Jie Cai & Qin Hu

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  1. Guo-Dao Liu
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  2. Wei-Guo Wang
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  3. Chao Dai
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  4. Chun-Jie Cai
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  5. Qin Hu
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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology: Qin Hu and Guo-Dao Liu. Data curation and project administration: Guo-Dao Liu and Wei-Guo Wang. Investigation and formal analysis: Chao Dai and Chun-Jie Cai. Manuscript writing—original draft: Guo-Dao Liu. Manuscript editing and manuscript review: Qin Hu and Wei-Guo Wang.

This manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work.

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Correspondence to Qin Hu.

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The study was reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board.

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Patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Liu, GD., Wang, WG., Dai, C. et al. Association Between Serum Copper Levels and Urinary Incontinence in Adult Men. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 5521–5528 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03613-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03613-3

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