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Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Small-Sized Fish (Rhodeus sinensis, Ctenogobius giurinus) and Mussel (Cristaria plicata) from a River Reservoir, Southwest China

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Abstract

In order to assess the bioaccumulation and health risk of metals in a river reservoir, concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in the water, sediments, two small-sized fish, and a freshwater mussel from the Zhoubai reservoir were examined. The results indicated that all of these metals conform with class one of environmental quality standards for surface water (State Environmental Protection Administration of China, GB 3838–2002). There were no significant differences for total metal concentrations in sediment between the three sampling sites (p > 0.05), but the bioavailable concentrations in S3 were the lowest. The Cd was dominated with exchangeable fraction and showed considerable risk. All metal concentrations except for Pb in Rhodeus sinensis were significantly higher than those in Ctenogobius giurinus (p < 0.05). The metal concentrations in Cristaria plicata showed a similar pattern of bioavailable metals in sediment, indicating that the metal concentrations in aquatic organisms were determined by the bioavailable forms of metals. Negative correlations were observed between the size of fish and concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. However, significant positive correlations were found between the size of mussel and concentrations of Cd (p < 0.01), As (p < 0.05), and Hg (p < 0.01). Zn had the highest BCF values in fish and mussel. The aquatic organisms showed lower ability of metal bioaccumulation from the sediment. Low values of target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) indicated that these metals do not pose a health risk to public through fish and mussel consumption in this study area.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Education Department of Guizhou Province (No. QJJ [2022]067), and the talent base for environmental protection and mountain agricultural in Chishui River Basin.

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  1. Shenwen Cai and Ziwei Shen contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China

    Shenwen Cai, Qinghe Wang, Junwei Cheng & Xiong Yan

  2. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Ziwei Shen

  3. College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China

    Boping Zeng

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Contributions

Shenwen Cai organized this study, conducted the study design, and drafted the manuscript. Ziwei Shen assisted in sample tests, data analysis and edited the manuscript. The sampling and experiments were performed by Qinghe Wang, Junwei Cheng, and Xiong Yan. Boping Zeng contributed to the study design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shenwen Cai.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. No experiment was conducted with alive fish samples in this study. Only caught fish and mussel by local fishermen were used.

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Cai, S., Shen, Z., Wang, Q. et al. Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Small-Sized Fish (Rhodeus sinensis, Ctenogobius giurinus) and Mussel (Cristaria plicata) from a River Reservoir, Southwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 5401–5414 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03590-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03590-7

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