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Effect of Dietary Inorganic and Chelated Trace Mineral Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Skeletal Deformities of European Seabass and Senegalese Sole Post-larvae

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Abstract

Trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are essential minerals in fish diets, especially important at early larval stages. The chemical speciation of these elements directly influences their uptake efficiency and metabolic utilization. In order to optimize the form of trace elements incorporated into larval feed, two experiments were conducted using two commercial fish species, European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), and two chemical forms (inorganic and glycinate chelates). Several fish performance parameters were measured, as well as bone status parameters to assess which form of mineral results in optimal fish biological performance. European seabass and Senegalese sole post-larvae were unresponsive (P > 0.05) to dietary treatments in terms of dry weight (DW), standard length (SL), relative growth rate (RGR) or feed conversion rates (FCR) when fed diets supplemented with chelated over inorganic trace minerals. This study suggests that replacing dietary inorganic mineral supplementation by their organic glycinate-chelated forms brings no beneficial effects on somatic growth and bone development in Senegalese sole and European seabass post-larvae fed high-quality commercial microdiets. Additionally, we show that mineral leaching from diets can be significant, but the use of chelated minerals can potentially mitigate this leaching phenomenon. Therefore, the selection of the dietary mineral form should take into account not only their economic value, but also their biological effect and environmental impact. Data generated in this trial provides new knowledge in trace mineral nutrition of early-stage marine fish.

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Data Availability

The data are available from the corresponding author based on reasonable requests.

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Funding

This research has been carried out with the financial support of the LARVAMIX project (grant no. 17925) supported by Portugal and the European Union through FEDER, COMPETE 2020 and CRESC Algarve 2020, in the framework of Portugal 2020. MV acknowledges the financial support by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through a doctoral fellowship (grant PDE/BDE/113672/2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIIMAR, ICBAS, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    Michael N. Viegas & Maria A. Salgado

  2. ADM Portugal S.A., Zona Industrial de Murtede, 3060-372, Cantanhede, Portugal

    Michael N. Viegas & Carla Aguiar

  3. SPAROS Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal

    Michael N. Viegas & Jorge Dias

  4. REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    Agostinho Almeida

  5. EPPO-IPMA, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194, Olhão, Portugal

    Pedro Pousão-Ferreira

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  1. Michael N. Viegas
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  2. Maria A. Salgado
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  3. Carla Aguiar
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  4. Agostinho Almeida
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  5. Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
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  6. Jorge Dias
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Contributions

J. D., P. P. and C. A. contributed to funding, resources acquisition and conceptualization and design of the study. P. P. supplied the fish rearing facilities. M. S. and A. A. contributed to mineral analysis. M. V. contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, performed the analytical work and data analysis, and wrote the main manuscript text. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael N. Viegas.

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Ethics Approval

The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Welfare Committee (ORBEA) of the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) (Project LARVAMIX approval n° 17935) and carried out in registered facilities (0421/2018). Experiments were conducted by trained scientists and in full compliance with the European (Directive 2010/63/EU) and Portuguese (Decreto-Lei n°. 113/2013, August 7) legislation on the protection of animals for scientific purposes.

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Viegas, M.N., Salgado, M.A., Aguiar, C. et al. Effect of Dietary Inorganic and Chelated Trace Mineral Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Skeletal Deformities of European Seabass and Senegalese Sole Post-larvae. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 5389–5400 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03581-8

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