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Monsoon Effect on Heavy Metal and Chemical Composition in Parastromateus niger of the Oman Sea: Health Risk Assessment of Fish Consumption

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (copper, zinc, and lead) and chemical compositions (fat, protein, moisture, and ash) in the Parastromateus niger muscle of the Oman Sea in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine heavy metal concentrations in fish muscle tissue. Chemical composition contents were measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Zinc was the most abundant heavy metal in two seasons (0.077 ± 0.005 μg/g), followed by copper (0.033 ± 0.005 μg/g) and lead (0.015 ± 0.005 μg/g). The mean concentrations of all heavy metals of muscle in pre-monsoon were higher than in post-monsoon. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb were lower than the maximum permissible limits (MPL) of international standards for human consumption established by FAO, FAO/WHO, WHO, and MAFF. The protein and fat content in fish muscle collected in pre-monsoon was higher than in post-monsoon. A significant difference between protein, fat, moisture, and ash values was recorded in two seasons (P < 0.05). The human health risk of heavy metals was evaluated according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each heavy metal in two seasons was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI). THQ (target hazard quotient) and TTHQ (total target hazard quotient) values were lower than the threshold limit of 1.0, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. TR (target carcinogenic risk) value for Pb was much lower than the unacceptable risk level (10−4); therefore, the consumption of muscles of Parastromateus niger did not significantly pose a human health risk.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the course of this study are available on request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to laboratory experts of Chabahar Maritime University for their friendly help.

Funding

This study has been summarized from a master thesis and financially supported by Chabahar Maritime University by the grant number 2953–95199206.

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  1. Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran

    Neda Tabezar, Parvin Sadeghi & Gilan Attaran Fariman

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All authors contributed to the design and conceptualization of the research. Neda Tabezar: data curation, investigation, formal analysis, software, writing—review and editing. Parvin Sadeghi: conceptualization, project administration, supervision, methodology, writing the original draft, data curation, writing—review and editing. Gilan Attaran Fariman: writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Parvin Sadeghi.

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This study does not require ethical approval due to non-utilization of human and alive animals for any experimental purpose. There are no ethical concerns to be reported since the fishes were not caught for the purpose of the present study, but fish caught for human consumption by the local fisherman. Then, the authors purchased fish from local fishermen for the present study. However, international standard methods have been regarded during fishing.

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Tabezar, N., Sadeghi, P. & Attaran Fariman, G. Monsoon Effect on Heavy Metal and Chemical Composition in Parastromateus niger of the Oman Sea: Health Risk Assessment of Fish Consumption. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 4093–4102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03475-1

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