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Solubility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb and Its Correlation with Total Polyphenols and Soluble Melanoidins in Hot Infusions of Green and Roasted Mate

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Abstract

The total and soluble contents of three potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Cd, Cr, and Pb) and two essential elements (Cu and Ni) in commercial green and roasted mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) and their hot infusions were accessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Total polyphenolic (TP) contents in the infusions were accessed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the presence of soluble melanoidins (SM) was evaluated by measuring absorbances at 420 nm. The soluble element contents in hot infusions of green mate were present in the following increasing order: Pb < Cd < Cr < Cu, and Ni. For hot infusions of roasted mate, the increasing order was: Cu < Pb < Cd < Cr < Ni. Except for Cr, hot infusions of roasted mate supply lower contents of the soluble PTEs than hot infusions of green mate. Cadmium was the only of evaluated trace element found in hot infusions of green and roasted mate as well as in some of their mate samples above the maximum allowed contents established by Brazilian legislation. Despite this, polyphenol and melanoidin contents in green and roasted mate infusions may reduce Cd bioavailability. The soluble trace elements that correlated directly with total polyphenols in hot infusions of green or roasted mate are indirectly correlated with the presence of soluble melanoidins. Moreover, this is the first study to evaluate the correlations of soluble forms of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb with the presence of SM and TP contents in hot infusions of green and roasted mate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are also very grateful to Prof. Dr. Joaquim A. Nóbrega and Dr. Lucimar L. Fialho from the Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis—GAIA (Federal University of São Carlos) for their important contributions to this study.

Funding

The authors received partial financial support from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) under the Ministry of Education of Brazil and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under the Ministry of Science and Technology of Brazil (308178/2018–1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil

    Suellen Andressa Oenning Ribeiro & Edivaldo Egea Garcia

  2. Laboratório Exata, Rua Silvestre de Carvalho Lopes, 173, Vila Jardim Rio Claro, 17375802-005, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil

    Caroline Santos da Silva

  3. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, P. O. Box 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil

    Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira

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  1. Suellen Andressa Oenning Ribeiro
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  2. Caroline Santos da Silva
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  3. Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira
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Correspondence to Edivaldo Egea Garcia.

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Ribeiro, S.A.O., da Silva, C.S., de Araújo Nogueira, A.R. et al. Solubility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb and Its Correlation with Total Polyphenols and Soluble Melanoidins in Hot Infusions of Green and Roasted Mate. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2563–2572 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03314-3

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