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Biological Activities and Biocompatibility Properties of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 Nanorods: Evaluation for Wound Healing Applications

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Abstract

Rare earth elements have shown promising results in both bio-imaging and therapy applications due to their superior magnetic, catalytic, and optical properties. In recent years, since lanthanide-based nanomaterials have effective results in wound healing, it has become necessary to investigate the different properties of these nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and biocompability of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 nanorods, which have a high potential by triggering angiogenesis and providing ROS activity, especially in wound healing. For this purpose, nanorods were obtained by the microwave-assisted synthesis method. Structural characterizations of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 nanorods were performed by FT-IR, XRD, and TG–DTA methods, and morphological characterizations were performed by SEM–EDX. Microorganisms that are likely to be present in the wound environment were selected for the antimicrobial activities of the nanorods. The highest efficiency of nanorods with the disc diffusion method was shown against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10,231 microorganisms. One of the problems frequently encountered in an infected wound environment is the formation of bacterial biofilm. Eu(OH)3 nanorods inhibited 77.5 ± 0.43% and Tb(OH)3 nanorods 76.16 ± 0.60% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853 biofilms. These results show promise for the development of biomaterials with superior properties by adding these nanorods to wound dressings that will be developed especially for wounds with microbial infection. Eu(OH)3 nanorods are more toxic than Tb(OH)3 nanorods on NCTC L929 cells. At concentrations of 500 µg/ml and above, both nanorods are toxic to cells.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under grant number FDK-2021-6966. We would like to thank the SYNGTOM (The Synthesis Group of Target Organic Molecules) research group for their support in microwave-assisted synthesis.

Funding

This work was funded by a grant (Grant Number: FDK-2021–6966) from Gazi University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Eda Çinar Avar & Elif Loğoğlu

  2. Department of Biology, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey

    Kübra Erkan Türkmen

  3. Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Ebru Erdal

  4. Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Hikmet Katircioğlu

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  1. Eda Çinar Avar
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  5. Hikmet Katircioğlu
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Contributions

Eda Çinar-Avar contributed to nanorod synthesis, characterization, data analysis, literature search, and writing-original draft preparation. Kübra Erkan-Türkmen contributed to microbiological studies and data analysis. Ebru Erdal contributed to biocompability studies and data analysis. Elif Loğoğlu contributed to supervision, manuscript preparation, and language editing. Hikmet Katırcıoğlu contributed to microbiological studies and data analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eda Çinar Avar.

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This is an in vitro study, which does not include any sample receiving process from human or animal. L929 mouse fibroblast cell line (NCTC clone 929- CCL-1) and the microorganisms were obtained from ATCC®.

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Çinar Avar, E., Türkmen, K.E., Erdal, E. et al. Biological Activities and Biocompatibility Properties of Eu(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 Nanorods: Evaluation for Wound Healing Applications. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2058–2070 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03264-w

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