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Changes of Iodine Nutritional Status in the Elderly after Replacing Iodized Salt with Non-Iodized Salt for Half a Year

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Abstract

China has issued the “Reform Plan of the Salt Industry System” in 2016 and it is necessary to attach the importance to the changes of iodine nutritional status of those people who might consume non-iodized salt for a long time. Forty-six elderly subjects were recruited and replaced iodized salt with non-iodized salt for 6 months. Urine iodine concentration (UIC), dietary iodine intake, thyroid function, thyroid B-ultrasound, and plasma iodine were monitored during the follow-up period. The median dietary iodine intakes of the baseline, the 1st, 2nd,3rd, 4th, and 6th month were 255.3 µg/d, 183.6 µg/d, 164.6 µg/d, 179.2 µg/d, 139.4 µg/d, and 146.9 µg/d, respectively. The median UIC of baseline and follow-up was 155.7 (111.0–263.1) µg/L and 69.7(36.7–119.8) µg/L, respectively. The proportion of urinary iodine less than 50 g/L at the baseline and follow-up was 3.0 (0 ~ 8.9)% and 36.0 (33.1 ~ 38.9)%, respectively. Dietary iodine intake had a significant correlation with urine iodine. Six subjects (15.4%) had abnormal thyroid function. Three subjects (7.7%) had first-onset new nodules or enlarged solid nodules and the median UIC of these three subjects during the follow-up period was 39.8 µg/L, which was significantly lower than that of other subject (74.0 µg/L). T4 and T3 had a significant correlation with plasma iodine. The importance of monitoring and evaluating iodine nutrition of people consuming non-iodized salt should be stressed to prevent the potential poor iodine nutrition and iodine deficiency diseases.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the total project being not over yet but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Yida Elderly Service Center in Beichen District, Tianjin, for assisting in organizing research subjects.

Funding

The research is supported by a grant from the MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECT “Survey and Evaluation of Iodine Nutrition and Thyroid Diseases of Chinese Population,” grant number 131031107000160007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing, 100050, China

    Min Li, Rui Wang, Jiaxi Lu, Weidong Li, Yichun Hu, Jing Chen, Wei Ma & Lichen Yang

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  1. Min Li
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  2. Rui Wang
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  7. Wei Ma
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  8. Lichen Yang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Min Li and Lichen Yang; methodology and formal analysis, Min Li and Lichen Yang; investigation, Min Li, Rui Wang, Jiaxi Lu, Weidong Li, Yichun Hu, and Jing Chen; sample determination, Jiaxi Lu and Wei Ma; writing—original draft preparation, Min Li; writing—review and editing, Min Li and Lichen Yang; supervision, Lichen Yang. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lichen Yang.

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Ethics Approval

The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (No. 2019–012).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Li, M., Wang, R., Lu, J. et al. Changes of Iodine Nutritional Status in the Elderly after Replacing Iodized Salt with Non-Iodized Salt for Half a Year. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 1019–1025 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03216-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03216-4

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