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Dietary Mineral Intake from Nuts and Its Relationship to Hypertension Among Korean Adults

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence shows that nut consumption beneficially affects health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of nuts, focusing on their mineral contents, and the risk of hypertension in nationally representative samples in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12,113 subjects (4762 men and 7351 women) aged 19–64 years using raw data from KNHANES 2016–2019. Daily intake of 20 nuts and 9 minerals from nuts was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The risk of hypertension according to the median mineral intake from nuts and nuts themselves was assessed using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The average daily nut intake was 4.34 g for females and 3.78 g males. Among nut intake, chestnuts represented the highest value at 0.95 g/day, followed by peanuts (0.72 g/day), almonds (0.62 g/day), sesame seeds (0.62 g/day), perilla seeds (0.33 g/day), and walnuts (0.32 g/day). The daily intake of minerals from nuts was significantly higher in the nut-overmedian (OM) group than in the nut-undermedian (UM) group. Regarding mineral intake from nuts, each mineral-UM group showed higher odds of hypertension than the mineral-OM group in women, but not in men. After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse association between nut consumption, including minerals obtained from nuts, and hypertension prevalence, especially in women, was observed. Based on our results, it is suggested that incorporation of nuts into a daily diet may yield beneficial effects and lower the risk of hypertension in adult Korean women.

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Availability of Data and Material

Data used in this study are from the Korean CDC (https://knhanes.kdca.go.kr/knhanes/main.do). After creating an account at this site, interested readers can access the raw data from the 1998–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The dataset file is available from Korean CDC at https://knhanes.kdca.go.kr/knhanes/main.do.

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Funding

This work was supported by the research grant of the Kongju National University in 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Major in Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909, South Korea

    Yun-Jung Bae

  2. Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, South Korea

    Mi-Hyun Kim & Mi-Kyeong Choi

Authors
  1. Yun-Jung Bae
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Contributions

Mi-Kyeong Choi: conceptualization, funding acquisition, validation, supervision, writing - review and editing.

Yun-Jung Bae: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, software, visualization.

Mi-Hyun Kim: writing - original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mi-Kyeong Choi.

Ethics declarations

IRB approval after review has been obtained as KNHANES collects human-derived material (2018-01-03-P-A, 2018-01-03-C-A), and all participants provided their written informed consent.

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All the authors have consent to submit the manuscript for publication in Biological Trace Element Research.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Bae, YJ., Kim, MH. & Choi, MK. Dietary Mineral Intake from Nuts and Its Relationship to Hypertension Among Korean Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 3519–3528 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02952-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02952-3

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