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Distribution and Accumulation of Trace Elements in Organs of Juvenile Fishes from a Freshwater System (Paraná River, South America)

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Abstract

The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (TE) in four juvenile fishes (Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Salminus brasiliensis, Brycon orbignyanus, and Megaleporinus obtusidens) and associated sediment water from the Lower Paraná River were measured. For muscle, gills, and liver fishes, the TE accumulation in the muscle, gills, and liver was evaluated. The TE concentration was measured by quadrupolar inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS). Cadmium (0.25 ± 0.07 μg L−1), Cu (3.00 ± 1.44 μg L−1), Fe (612 ± 69 μg L−1), and Pb (1.92 ± 1.20 μg L−1) in water and As (4.1–6.9 μg g−1), Cr (20.1–31.4 μg g−1), Cu (10.7–19.2 μg g−1), Mn (351.3–482.2 μg g−1), and Ni (24.5 ± 10.9 μg g−1) in sediments exceeded the guide values for the conservation of aquatic life. In general, muscle of omnivorous species (B. orbignyanus and M. obtusidens) showed higher values of elements than those of carnivorous species (A. pantaneiro and S. brasiliensis). However, TE concentrations varied with fish species and organs. Independently of the examined species, the highest concentrations of Cr and Pb were in the muscle and gills, respectively. Cadmium, Cu, and Fe concentrations were higher in the liver than in gills and muscle in all four fish species. These results were consistent with the tissue selectivity index analyzed. For the four species, major essential elements showed the highest accumulation. However, the accumulation of toxic elements in omnivorous fish was higher than in carnivorous fish. The individual pollution load index indicated that sediment was very polluted with As and Pb, but based on the combined ecological indexes, low elemental sediment pollution in the Espinillo Lake was revealed.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Additional datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the 3IA-UNSAM laboratory teams for their assistance and technical support. The authors thank C. Bidone for her valuable assistance during ICP-MS measurements. Authors are grateful to local fisherman N. Yapura for his help in fieldwork.

Funding

This study was supported by Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACYT 20020190100069BA), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (PICT2019–03888) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (P-UE 22920180100047CO).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sabina Llamazares Vegh, Fernanda Biolé & Alejandra V. Volpedo

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sabina Llamazares Vegh, Fernanda Biolé & Alejandra V. Volpedo

  3. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Marta Bavio & Pamela Tripodi

Authors
  1. Sabina Llamazares Vegh
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  2. Fernanda Biolé
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  3. Marta Bavio
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  4. Pamela Tripodi
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  5. Alejandra V. Volpedo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sabina Llamazares Vegh.

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Ethical Approval

Wild fish species were captured in compliance with Argentine laws and regulations. The Local Ethics Committee stated that no ethical permission is required since no experimental study was conducted with alive fish samples in this project. However, international methods and standards have been met during fishing and slaughtering [82].

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Llamazares Vegh, S., Biolé, F., Bavio, M. et al. Distribution and Accumulation of Trace Elements in Organs of Juvenile Fishes from a Freshwater System (Paraná River, South America). Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 2416–2431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02849-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02849-1

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