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Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases

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A Correction to this article was published on 04 August 2021

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Abstract

Tobacco use has a negative impact on health due to its relationship with the development of high-mortality diseases, such as pulmonary cancer. However, the effect of cadmium (Cd), present in tobacco smoke, on the development of joint diseases has been scarcely studied. The objective of this review is to discuss the evidence regarding the mechanisms by which Cd exposure, through tobacco smoke, may lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There’s evidence suggesting a string association between moderate to severe OA development and tobacco use, and that a higher blood concentration of Cd can trigger oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, favoring cartilage loss. At the bone level, the Cd that is inhaled through tobacco smoke affects bone mineral density, resulting in OP mediated by a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, which favors the bone resorption process. In RA, tobacco use promotes the citrullination process through Cd exposure and increases OS and inflammation. Understanding how tobacco use can increase the damage at the articular level mediated by a toxic metal, i.e., Cd, is important. Finally, we propose prevention, control, and treatment strategies for frequently disabling diseases, such as OA, OP, and RA to reduce its prevalence in the population.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Rehabilitation Institute “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra” (INRLGII).

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Author notes

  1. Fernández-Torres J and Zamudio-Cuevas Y contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, México City, Mexico

    J. Fernández-Torres, Y. Zamudio-Cuevas, G. A. Martínez-Nava & K. Martínez-Flores

  2. Biology Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, Mexico

    J. Fernández-Torres

  3. Department of Immunology and Environmental Medicine Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan No. 4502, Col. Belisario Domínguez Secc.16, C.P. 14080, México City, Mexico

    O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar & M. P. Sierra-Vargas

  4. Rheumatology Service, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, México City, Mexico

    C. A. Lozada-Pérez

  5. Hip and Knee Joint Reconstruction Service, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, México City, Mexico

    C. Suárez-Ahedo

  6. Orthopedic Department, Surgery Office, Hospital Médica Sur, Puente de Piedra No. 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, C.P.14050, México City, Mexico

    C. Suárez-Ahedo & A. Olivos-Meza

  7. Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy, and Regenerative Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, México City, Mexico

    C. Landa-Solís

  8. Orthopedic Sports and Arthroscopy Service, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, México City, Mexico

    A. Olivos-Meza

  9. Toxicology Department, Cinvestav, Av. Politécnico Nacional2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, México City, Mexico

    L. M. Del Razo

  10. Department of Animal Nutrition, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, C.P. 14080, México City, Mexico

    M. C. Camacho-Rea

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  1. J. Fernández-Torres
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Contributions

JFT and YZC designed the study and performed literature search, data extraction, analysis, and drafting the manuscript. GAMN supported the writing of the manuscript. OGAA contributed to design and interpretation of data. MPSV supported the literature search and the writing of the manuscript. CALP supported data extraction, analysis, and writing of the manuscript. CSA data verification and contributed analysis. CLS supported the literature search and the writing of the manuscript. AOM wrote the manuscript and supported the literature search. LMDR contributed in the critical review of the manuscript. MCCR supported the literature search. KMF wrote the manuscript, conceived the study, and designed the review. All authors read and critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to K. Martínez-Flores.

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Fernández-Torres, J., Zamudio-Cuevas, Y., Martínez-Nava, G.A. et al. Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 2008–2015 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02814-y

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