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Experimental and Molecular Docking Studies on the Interaction of a Water-Soluble Pd(II) Complex Containing β-Amino Alcohol with Calf Thymus DNA

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Abstract

The interaction of water-soluble and fluorescent [Pd (HEAC) Cl2] complex, in which HEAC is 2-((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino) cyclohexanol, with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) has been studied. This study was performed using electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry and circular dichroism analyses, dynamic viscosity measurements, and molecular docking theory. From hypochromic effect observed in ct-DNA absorption spectra, it was found that the Pd(II) complex could form a conjugate with ct-DNA strands through the groove binding mode. The Kb values obtained from fluorescence measurements clearly assert the Pd(II) complex affinity to ct-DNA. The fluorescence quenching of the DNA-Hoechst compound following the successive additions of the Pd(II) complex to the solution revealed that the Pd(II) complex is located in the ct-DNA grooves, and Hoechst molecules have been released into solution; moreover, the resulting measurements from relative viscosity authenticate the Pd(II) complex binding to the grooves. Negative quantities of thermodynamic parameters imply that the Pd(II) complex binds to ct-DNA mainly by the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces; also, the Gibbs-free energy changes show the exothermic and spontaneous formation of the Pd(II) complex-DNA system. The electrochemical behavior of the Pd(II) complex in the attendance of ct-DNA was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry method (CV). Several quasi-reversible redox waves were observed along with increasing the anodic/cathodic peak currents, as well as a shift in anodic/cathodic peak potentials. Circular dichroism (CD) observations suggested that the Pd(II)-DNA interaction could alter ct-DNA conformation. The results of molecular modeling confirmed that groove mechanism is followed by the Pd(II) complex to interact with ct-DNA.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported financially by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Razi University Research Center.

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This study was supported financially by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Razi University Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Nahid Shahabadi, Lida Ghaffari & Farshad Shiri

  2. Center of Medical Biology Research (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Nahid Shahabadi

  3. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Zahra Mardani

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors contributed to the manuscript. Nahid Shahabadi wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Lida Ghaffari contributed to experiments, Zahra Mardani contributed to characterization of the complex and Farshad Shiri contributed to the computational study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nahid Shahabadi.

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Shahabadi, N., Ghaffari, L., Mardani, Z. et al. Experimental and Molecular Docking Studies on the Interaction of a Water-Soluble Pd(II) Complex Containing β-Amino Alcohol with Calf Thymus DNA. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 1988–2000 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02803-1

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